Английская Википедия:Air raids on Hong Kong

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Шаблон:Use Hong Kong English Шаблон:Use dmy dates

Aerial photo of an island with an urban area along its shore and a steep mountain in the center. Many ships are next to the island, and plumes of water are erupting near some of them.
Japanese shipping at Hong Kong under attack by United States Navy aircraft on 16 January 1945
Файл:Taikoo dockyard under US air raid.jpg
Taikoo Dockyard, Hong Kong, under attack on 16 January

The United States Army Air Forces and United States Navy conducted numerous air raids against Japanese-occupied Hong Kong and shipping near the city during World War II. The Royal Australian Air Force took part in efforts to lay naval mines in the Hong Kong area. These attacks began in 1942. In 1945 it was incorporated into the larger South China Sea raid. British Pacific Fleet aircraft also attacked Japanese suicide boats at Hong Kong as part of the reoccupation of the colony in late August 1945.

Background

The British colony of Hong Kong had been captured by Japanese forces in December 1941, and became a significant naval and logistics base.Шаблон:Sfn Japanese forces bombed and shelled the urban areas during the invasion of Hong Kong, and 4,000 civilians were killed in the fighting.[1]

USAAF units based in China attacked the Hong Kong area from October 1942. Most of these raids involved a small number of aircraft, and typically targeted Japanese cargo ships which had been reported by Chinese guerrillas.Шаблон:Sfn By January 1945 the city was being regularly raided by the USAAF.Шаблон:Sfn

Attacks

1942

1943

  • 27 July: 6 B-25s escorted by 14 fighters attacked Stonecutters Island after failing to locate the freighter they had been dispatched to destroy.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 28 July: 6 B-25s escorted by 9 P-40s bombed the Taikoo Dockyard.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 29 July: 18 Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers with fighter escort attacked the Hong Kong, Kowloon and Taikoo Docks and the shipyard previously used by the Royal Navy.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 7 August: 4 P-40s attacked a Japanese convoy sailing to the east of Hong Kong. One freighter was heavily damaged and two others were lightly damaged.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 25 August: 8 B-25s escorted by fighters bombed the Kowloon Docks.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 26 August: 15 B-24s escorted by 17 fighters bombed the Kowloon Docks. Five Japanese fighters were shot down.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 30 August: 4 P-40s attacked a convoy sailing to the east of Hong Kong, badly damaging a freighter and inflicting lighter damage on two others.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 31 August: 3 P-40s attacked a freighter near Stonecutters Island, with their pilots claiming to have heavily damaged it.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 12 September: 8 Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters attacked Japanese shipping in the Hong Kong area.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 15 November: 20 B-25s were dispatched to attack targets in the Hong Kong area. Due to bad weather, only 5 attacked. These aircraft targeted the Kowloon Docks.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 19 November: B-25s attacked two Japanese ships sailing near Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 1 December: 19 B-25s, 24 P-40s and 10 North American P-51 Mustang fighters attacked the Kowloon Docks. Two other B-25s attacked the Taikoo Dockyard.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 25 December: 2 B-25s attacked a passenger ship sailing south of Hong Kong, with their aircrew claiming to have heavily damaged it.Шаблон:Sfn

1944

Шаблон:Multiple image

  • 7 January: 2 B-25s attacked a passenger ship to the south of Hong Kong. Their aircrew claimed to have sunk it.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 11 January: 4 B-24s dropped naval mines off Hong Kong and Takao in Formosa. 1 of the aircraft was shot down.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 23 January: 28 P-40s and 9 B-25s attacked Kai Tak airfield.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 5 February: 2 B-24s and 2 B-25s attacked a convoy sailing to the east of Hong Kong. Their aircrew claimed to have sunk two freighters and 3 smaller ships.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 12 May: An Imperial Japanese Navy ship was attacked by P-40s or B-25s at Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 19 May: 2 B-24s attack and badly damage 2 freighters sailing to the south of Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 20 May: 13 B-24s attack a convoy sailing to the south of Hong Kong. Their crews claim to have destroyed 2 Motor Launches and damaged several larger vessels. 3 of the B-24s were destroyed.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 22 May: 2 B-25s attacked and heavily damaged a cargo ship near Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 7 September: 5 B-24s attacked and damaged 4 freighters sailing to the south-west of Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 8 September: B-24s attacked a Japanese destroyer sailing to the south of Hong Kong. Their crews claimed to have sunk the warship.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 16 October: 28 B-24s, 33 P-51s and 18 P-40s (all belonging to the Fourteenth Air Force) attacked an airfield and shipping in the Hong Kong area.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 6 December: 15 P-51s attacked shipping at Hong Kong. Their pilots claimed to have sunk a destroyer and a freighter.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 19 December: 4 P-51s attacked 2 freighters sailing near Hong Kong, with their pilots claiming to have sunk both.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 20 December: P-40s and P-51s attacked road traffic, trains and shipping at Hong Kong as part of a wide-ranging sweep over southern China and eastern Burma.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 24 December: Shipping is attacked in the Hong Kong area, with the American airmen claiming to have sunk 1 vessel and damaged several others.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 7 January: 2 B-25s attacked a passenger ship to the south of Hong Kong. Their aircrew claimed to have sunk it.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 11 January: 4 B-24s dropped naval mines off Hong Kong and Takao in Formosa. 1 of the aircraft was shot down.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 23 January: 28 P-40s and 9 B-25s attacked Kai Tak airfield.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 5 February: 2 B-24s and 2 B-25s attacked a convoy sailing to the east of Hong Kong. Their aircrew claimed to have sunk two freighters and 3 smaller ships.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 12 May: An Imperial Japanese Navy ship was attacked by P-40s or B-25s at Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 19 May: 2 B-24s attack and badly damage 2 freighters sailing to the south of Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 20 May: 13 B-24s attack a convoy sailing to the south of Hong Kong. Their crews claim to have destroyed 2 Motor Launches and damaged several larger vessels. 3 of the B-24s were destroyed.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 22 May: 2 B-25s attacked and heavily damaged a cargo ship near Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 7 September: 5 B-24s attacked and damaged 4 freighters sailing to the south-west of Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 8 September: B-24s attacked a Japanese destroyer sailing to the south of Hong Kong. Their crews claimed to have sunk the warship.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 15 October: 28 B-24s, 33 P-51s and 18 P-40s (all belonging to the Fourteenth Air Force) attacked an airfield and shipping in Hong Kong.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  • 6 December: 15 P-51s attacked shipping at Hong Kong. Their pilots claimed to have sunk a destroyer and a freighter.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 19 December: 4 P-51s attacked 2 freighters sailing near Hong Kong, with their pilots claiming to have sunk both.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 20 December: P-40s and P-51s attacked road traffic, trains and shipping at Hong Kong as part of a wide-ranging sweep over southern China and eastern Burma.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 24 December: Shipping is attacked in the Hong Kong area, with the American airmen claiming to have sunk 1 vessel and damaged several others.Шаблон:Sfn

1945

  • 15 January: American aircraft attacked Hong Kong as part of a large series of raids.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 16 January: As part of the South China Sea raid, aircraft flying from United States Navy aircraft carriers made two large raids on the Hong Kong area. 138 aircraft were dispatched in the morning and 158 in the afternoon.Шаблон:Sfn Many targets were attacked, including shipping, harbour facilities, Kai Tak airfield and trains on the Kowloon–Canton Railway. Hundreds of civilians were killed or wounded when the village of Hung Hom was mistakenly attacked. Stanley Internment Camp was also hit by a bomb which killed 14 of the Allied civilians imprisoned there. Japanese forces strongly resisted the raid, and claimed to have shot down 10 American aircraft.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn At least 4 American airmen were taken prisoner after their planes were shot down near Hong Kong, and a further 7 evaded capture and eventually reached Allied-held regions of China.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 16 January: Aircraft assigned to the 118th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron also attacked shipping at Hong Kong. This raid was not coordinated with the US Navy attacks.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 18 January: 29 B-24s bombed Hong Kong. 25 P-40s attacked shipping and railroad targets at Hong Kong. Other American fighters conducting armed reconnaissance patrols also attacked targets in Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 21 January: 30 B-24s bombed Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 27 February: B-25s sank 10 to 15 junks near Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • March: Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Consolidated PBY Catalinas reinforced existing minefields at Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 2 April: 37 B-24s escorted by P-38s bombed the Kowloon and Taikoo docks. Two Japanese Nakajima Ki-44 fighters attempted to intercept, but were driven off by the P-38s.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  • 3 April: 43 B-24s bombed dockyards at Hong Kong. Two cargo ships were sunk and twelve hits were scored on oil storage tanks. 11 of the B-24s were damaged by anti-aircraft gunfire.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  • 4 April: 41 B-24s bombed Hong Kong. Shipping in the city's harbour and docks were damaged. The aircrew also claimed to have damaged oil storage facilities and a power plant.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  • 5 April: 20 B-24s bombed the Kowloon docks and Kai Tak airfield.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 5 April: 3 Douglas A-20 Havoc light bombers attacked a convoy near Hong Kong. A cargo vessel was sunk and two escort warships damaged.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 8 April: RAAF Catalinas laid mines at Hong Kong. Australian aircraft also conducted mine-laying sorties on other dates in April.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 13 April: B-24s bombed the Taikoo Docks.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 14 April: B-25s attacked shipping in the Hong Kong-Canton area.Шаблон:Sfn
  • May: Australian and United States aircraft conducted many mine-laying sorties to close the two main shipping channels at Hong Kong.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 12 June: B-24s bombed the former Royal Navy yard and other dock areas at Hong Kong, causing extensive damage.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 13 June: 62 B-24s attacked wooden ships in Hong Kong Harbour with napalm. Many vessels were destroyed.Шаблон:Sfn
  • 30 August: Aircraft flying from British Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers attacked three Japanese suicide boats which were headed towards the fleet during the reoccupation of Hong Kong. One of the suicide boats was sunk, one beached and the other returned to an anchorage of these craft at Picnic Bay on Lamma Island. Other suicide boats at Picnic Bay were subsequently attacked.Шаблон:Sfn

Aftermath

The air attacks on Hong Kong are little remembered today. Unexploded bombs dropped during the war are occasionally unearthed during construction projects, and need to be defused.[1] The only occasion when unexploded aerial bombs have resulted in casualties occurred in 1993, when a ship dredging shallow water near Tsing Yi detonated a Шаблон:Convert bomb. The explosion badly damaged the ship and injured one of its crew. In the five years to 2018, the Hong Kong media reported 35 discoveries of unexploded munitions. Two more bombs, probably dropped in the 16 January 1945 raid, were discovered and defused in early 2018.[2] It is likely that many more unexploded bombs will be discovered in the future.[3]

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Works consulted

Further reading

Шаблон:WWII city bombing

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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