Английская Википедия:Akanye
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:IPA notice Akanye or akanje[1] (Шаблон:Lang-be, Шаблон:Lang-ru, Шаблон:IPA-ru), literally "a-ing", is a sound change in Slavic languages in which the phonemes Шаблон:IPA or Шаблон:IPA are realized as more or less close to Шаблон:IPAblink. It is a case of vowel reduction.
The most familiar example is probably Russian akanye (pronounced but not represented orthographically in the standard language). Akanye also occurs in:
- Standard Belarusian (represented orthographically)
- Northern (Polissian) Ukrainian dialects
- Slovene dialects (e.g., Lower Carniolan dialects),[2]
- Some subgroups of the Kajkavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian[3]
- Bulgarian dialects (e.g., the Rhodope dialects, including the Smolyan dialect).[4]
Description
In Belarusian аканне (akanne), both non-softened and softened Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA and other phonemes phonetically merge into Шаблон:IPAblink in unstressed positions; see Belarusian phonology.
In Russian а́канье (akan'ye), (except for Northern dialects), Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA phonetically merge in unstressed positions. If not preceded by a palatalized (soft) consonant, these phonemes give Шаблон:IPAblink (sometimes also transcribed as Шаблон:IPA) in the syllable immediately before the stress[5] and in absolute word-initial position.[6] In other unstressed locations, non-softened Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are further reduced towards a short, poorly enunciated Шаблон:IPAblink.[7] The dialects without reduction of unstressed o are called okanye (Шаблон:Lang-ru), literally "o-ing". After soft consonants, unstressed Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are pronounced like Шаблон:IPAblink in most varieties of Russian (see vowel reduction in Russian for details); this reduction is not considered a manifestation of akanye. Unlike Belarusian akanne, Russian akanye does not affect softened vowels.
Slovene akanje may be partial (affecting only syllables before or after the stressed vowel) or complete (affecting all vowels in a word).[2] Examples from various Slovene dialects: domú → damú 'at home' (pretonic o),[2] dnò → dnà 'bottom' (tonic o),[8] léto → líəta (posttonic o),[8] ne vém → na vém 'I don't know' (pretonic e),[2] hléb → hlàb 'loaf' (tonic e),[8] jêčmen → jèčman 'barley' (posttonic e).[8]
See also
- Vowel reduction in Russian – about ikanye.
Notes
Sources
- ↑ Bethin, Christina Yurkiw. 1998. Slavic prosody: language change and phonological theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 152 ff.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Toporišič, Jože. 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 2.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Crosswhite, Katherine. 2001. Vowel reduction in optimality theory. London: Routledge, p. 53.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Ramovš, Fran. 1936. Kratka zgodovina slovenskega jezika. I. Ljubljana: Akademska založba, pp. 233–235.
