Английская Википедия:Akkana Basadi

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox religious building

Akkana Basadi (lit, temple of the "elder sister", basadi is also pronounced basti) is a Jain temple (basadi) built in 1181 A.D., during the rule of Hoysala empire King Veera Ballala II. The basadi was constructed by the devout Jain lady Achiyakka (also called Achala Devi), wife of Chandramouli, a Brahmin minister in the court of the Hoysala king. The main deity of the temple is the twenty-third Jain Tirthankar Parshwanath.Шаблон:Sfn[1][2][3] The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.[4] It is part of an Archaeological Survey of India Adarsh Smarak Monument along with other temples in the Shravanabelagola group of monuments.[5]

Temple plan

Файл:Rear view of Akkana Basadi from south west.jpg
Rear view of Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola
Файл:Tower over the shrine with Jain saints under kirtimukha relief in the Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola.JPG
Kirtimukha relief on vesara shikhara (tower over shrine) at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola

According to art historian Adam Hardy, the basadi is a simple single shrine with superstructure (ekakuta vimanaШаблон:Sfn) construction with a closed hall (mantapa). The material used is Soap stone.Шаблон:Sfn The sanctum (garbhagriha) that houses the standing image of Tirthankara Parshwanatha (under a seven headed snake canopy) connects to the hall via an antechamber (vestibule or sukanasi). From the outside, the entrance to the hall is through a porch whose awning is supported by lathe turned half pillars. According to art historians Percy Brown and Gerard Foekema, all these features are commonly found in Hoysala temples.[6]Шаблон:Sfn According to historian Kamath, the use of Soap stone as basic building material was a technique the Hoysalas adopted from the predecessors, the Western Chalukyas.[7] The temple which faces east is enclosed with in a bounding wall (prakara), while the entrance is from the south. Typical of a Jain basadi, the outer walls of the temple are plain, giving it an austere outlook. The temple stands on a base (adhisthana) that comprises five moldings.[2]

The tower over the shrine (shikhara) is plain. However, on a projection on the east side is a panel sculpture in relief that depicts a saint with his attendants (yaksha, the benevolent spirits) on either side and a Kirtimukha (imaginary beast) over his head. This is a work of merit. The tower comprises three tiers, each ascending tier diminishing in height. Above the third tier is a dome like structure. This is the largest sculptural piece in the temple with a ground surface area of about 2x2 meters (amalaka, "helmet" like structure). The shape of the dome usually follows that of the shrine (square or star shape).Шаблон:Sfn The vestibule also has a short tower which looks like an extension of the main tower over the shrine. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower.Шаблон:Sfn The temple features a Шаблон:Convert idol of Parshvanatha sheltered by seven hooded serpent. The vestibule contains two free sculptures of the yakshas, Dharnendra and Padmavati.Шаблон:Sfn The door lintel and jamb of vestibule and the sanctum are decorative and have perforated screens on either side. The hall ceiling is supported by four centrally placed large lathe turned, bell shaped and polished pillars that divide the ceiling into nine "bays". The bay ceilings are rich in relief.[2]Шаблон:Sfn

Gallery

See also

Шаблон:Commons category

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Jain temples Шаблон:Jainism Topics Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Jain and Jain (1953), p.37
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ B.L. Rice (1889), p.57 (Chapter:Introduction)
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.134-135
  7. ↑ Kamath (2001), p.136
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