Английская Википедия:Akrodha

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Hinduism Шаблон:Transliteration (Sanskrit: Шаблон:Lang) literally means "free from anger". It's an important virtue in Indian philosophy and Hindu ethics.

Etymology

Шаблон:Transliteration is a fusion word between the Sanskrit prefix Шаблон:Transliteration (Sanskrit: Шаблон:Lang; "without", "non") and the term Шаблон:Transliteration (Sanskrit: Шаблон:Lang; "anger"), meaning "without anger".

A related word is Шаблон:Transliteration (Sanskrit: Шаблон:Lang), which also means "absence of anger".

Discussion

Шаблон:Transliteration is considered a virtue and desirable ethical value in Hinduism. When there is cause of anger but nevertheless there is absence of anger, this is non-anger or Шаблон:Transliteration. Absence of anger (Шаблон:Transliteration) means being calm even when insulted or rebuked, or despite great provocation. Шаблон:Transliteration does not mean absence of causes of anger, it means not getting angry and keeping an even, calm temper despite the circumstances.

Шаблон:Transliteration ("anger") is excessive mental turmoil on account of obstacles interfering with the gratification of some desire; it is manifestation of the quality of Шаблон:Transliteration (dark, negative, destructive), an undesirable psychological state. The opposite of Шаблон:Transliteration is Шаблон:Transliteration: a productive, positive, and constructive state.

Шаблон:Clarify states that Шаблон:Transliteration is necessary for peace and happiness, which is a state of contentment (Шаблон:Transliteration) where there is absence of spite or envy (Шаблон:Transliteration), absence of anger (Шаблон:Transliteration), and absence of violence (Шаблон:Transliteration). Шаблон:Transliteration relies on Шаблон:Transliteration, because it creates an environment of serenity, a rational principle of life, and because it is a moral virtue inspired by love.

Literature

According to Vedic sages, when work becomes akin to a Шаблон:Transliteration (a worship ceremony), the effect of that work is transformed into Шаблон:Transliteration, that is, it becomes something unique, unprecedented, and empowering. In contrast, anger clouds reason, which results in the loss of discrimination between right and wrong and virtue and vice. When the discriminating faculty is ruined, the person loses self-identity and the inner good perishes. With freedom from anger, a person reaches an Шаблон:Transliteration state.

The Upanishads

The Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad states the nature of Шаблон:Transliteration for a person who seeks self-knowledge and liberation (Шаблон:Transliteration) as follows:

Шаблон:Transliteration, states Шаблон:Clarify, is related to the concept Шаблон:Transliteration (Sanskrit: Шаблон:Lang) in the Upanishads. Шаблон:Transliteration means, depending on the context, "to bear", "endure", "suffer", and "put up with". Шаблон:Transliteration is considered an ethical value in Hinduism, not out of Шаблон:Clarify, but for the cause of the Ultimate Truth. It is the attribute by which a person willingly bears what is unpleasant in order to "win over" the opponent or whatever is offensive, in the pursuit of holding on to Truth, in order to achieve oneness with Шаблон:Transliteration, the Ultimate Truth. This endurance, this striving to overcome the adversaries through Шаблон:Transliteration and Шаблон:Transliteration, is the constructive way to pursue Truth.

The Epics

The Hindu epic Mahabharata repeatedly emphasizes the virtue of Шаблон:Transliteration. For example, in Adi Parva, it states:

In Vana Parva, the Mahabharata states:

In Shanti Parva, the Mahabharata states:

The Bhagavad Gita (Slokas XVI.1–3), in the Mahabharata, gives a list of twenty-six divine attributes beginning with Шаблон:Transliteration ("fearlessness") and Шаблон:Transliteration ("purity of mind"), ending with Шаблон:Transliteration ("bearing enmity to none") and Шаблон:Transliteration ("absence of arrogance"), and including Шаблон:Transliteration:

Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:Lang

Dharmasastra

Manu listed Шаблон:Transliteration among the ten primary virtues. The Apastambhadharmasutra (I.iii.22) rules that a student be not given to anger, and that a house-holder abstains from anger and from action or words that would provoke someone else to anger (II.xviii.2). The Baudhayanadharmasutra (I.xv.30) requires a house-holder never to be angry, and the Gautamdharmasutra (II.13) advises that he must not feel angry. The Vashisthadharmasutra (IV.4) avers that refraining from anger is a virtue like truthfulness or charity.

Manu mentions ten Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration is one of these Шаблон:Transliteration (attribute, sign of a dharmic person). The other nine are: Шаблон:Transliteration (patience), Шаблон:Transliteration (forgiveness), Шаблон:Transliteration (temperance), Шаблон:Transliteration (non-stealing), Шаблон:Transliteration (purity), Шаблон:Transliteration (freedom from sensual craving), Шаблон:Transliteration (reason), Шаблон:Transliteration (knowledge), and Шаблон:Transliteration (truth).

Shaivism

The Shaivite doctrine considers four Шаблон:Transliteration for the Pashupata ascetic who smears on his body Шаблон:Transliteration. These four Шаблон:Transliteration are – non-injury, celibacy, truthfulness, and non-stealing; the Шаблон:Transliteration consist of non-irritability (Шаблон:Transliteration), attendance on the teachers, purity, lightness of diet, and carefulness (Шаблон:Transliteration). Шаблон:Transliteration is a virtue.

Universalism

Hinduism and Buddhism both suggest ten freedoms needed for good life. These are – Ahimsa ('freedom from violence'), Asteya ('freedom from want, stealing'), Aparigraha ('freedom from exploitation'), Amritava ('freedom from early death') and Arogya ('freedom from disease'), Akrodha ('freedom of anger'), Jnana or Vidya ("freedom from ignorance"), Pravrtti ("freedom of conscience"), Abhaya ('freedom from fear') and Dhrti ('freedom from frustration and despair').

See also

• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link
• Шаблон:Annotated link