Английская Википедия:Akwa Ibom State

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Шаблон:Infobox settlement Akwa Ibom State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria on the east by Cross River State for about 114 km (71 miles) mostly across Cross River, on the west by Rivers State for 52 km (32 miles) mostly across the Imo River and Abia State to the west and north for 151 km (94 miles), and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean. The state takes its name from the Qua Iboe River which bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. Akwa Ibom was split from Cross River State in 1987 with its capital as Uyo and 31other local government areas.

Of the 36 states of Nigeria, Akwa Ibom is the 30th largest in area and fifteenth most populous with an estimated population of nearly 5.5 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the Central African mangroves in the coastal far south and the Cross–Niger transition forests in the rest of the state. Other important geographical features are the Imo and Cross rivers which flow along Akwa Ibom's eastern and western borders, respectively while the Qua Iboe River bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. In the southeast corner of the state is the Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve, a heavily threatened wildlife reserve that contains declining crocodile, putty-nosed monkey, red-capped mangabey, and Sclater's guenon populations along with potentially extirpated populations of African leopard and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee. Offshore, the state is also biodiverse as there are large fish populations along with various cetacean species including bottlenose dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins, humpback whales, and killer whales.Шаблон:Cn

Файл:Meridien Akwa Ibom golf course.jpg

Meridien Akwa Ibom golf course

Modern-day Akwa Ibom State has been inhabited by various ethnic groups for hundreds of years, primarily the closely related Ibibio, Anaang, Oro and Obolo peoples in the North-East, North-West, and Southern zones of the state, respectively. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Akwa Ibom State was divided into various city-states like the Ibom Kingdom and Akwa Akpa before the latter become a British protectorate in 1884 as a part of the Oil Rivers Protectorate. In the early 1900s, the British actually gained formal control of the area before incorporating the protectorate (now renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate) into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria; after the merger, much of modern-day Akwa-Ibom became a centre of anti-colonial resistance during the Women's War and political activism through the Ibibio State Union.

After independence in 1960, the area of the present day Akwa-Ibom was part of the post-independence Eastern Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the South-Eastern State. Less than two months afterwards, the Igbo-majority former Eastern Region attempted to secede as the state of Biafra; in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War, now-Akwa Ibom was hard-fought over in the prelude to the Invasion of Port Harcourt while people from Akwa Ibom were persecuted by Biafran forces as they were mainly non-Igbo. At the war's end and the reunification of Nigeria, the South-Eastern State was reformed until 1976 when it was renamed Cross River State. Eleven years later, Cross River State was divided with western Cross River being broken off to form the new Akwa-Ibom State.

Economically, Akwa-Ibom State is based around the production of crude oil and natural gas as highest oil-producing state in the country, with Ibeno, Mbo and Eastern Obolo as oil-producing LGAs. Key minor industries involve agriculture as the state has substantial cocoyam, yam, and plantain crops along with fishing and heliciculture. Despite its vast oil revenues, Akwa Ibom has the seventeenth highest Human Development Index in the country in large part due to years of systemic corruption.

History

Файл:Akwa Ibom state contingent 3.jpg

Dancers in Akwa Ibom attire

The region of the state was created out of Cross River State on September 23, 1987, by the then Military Administration of General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida. No central government existed among the people of what is now Akwa Ibom State, prior to the British invasion in 1904.

Although several Scottish missionaries arrived in Calabar in 1848, and Ibono in 1887, the British did not firmly establish control of the area until 1904. In that year, the Enyong Division was created encompassing the area of the current state of Akwa Ibom, with headquarters at Ikot Ekpene, an Annang city described by the noted Africanist Kaanan Nair, as the cultural and political capital of Annang and Ibibio.

The creation of Enyong Division for the first time, allowed the numerous ethnic groups to come together. This further provided a venue for the creation of the Ibibio Welfare Union, later renamed Ibibio State Union. This social organization was first organized as a local development and improvement forum for educated persons and groups who were shut out from the colonial administration in 1929.Шаблон:Cn

When Akwa Ibom state was created in 1987, Uyo was chosen as the state capital to spread development to all regions of the state.

Climate

Akwa Ibom has a tropical monsoon climate (Classification: Am) and is 42.58 meters (139.7 feet) above sea level. The city's average annual temperature is -0.99% lower than Nigeria's averages at 28.47°C (83.25°F). 342.56 millimeters (13.49 inches) of precipitation and 294.37 rainy days (80.65% of the time) are typical annual totals for Akwa Ibom.

The Akwa Ibom region experiences tropical monsoons. All year long, there are high temperatures and a lot of rain. The region of Akwa Ibom experiences an average yearly temperature of 60 degrees and 672 inches of precipitation. With an average humidity of 80% and a UV-index of 7, it is dry for 52 days out of the year.

The climate of Akwa Ibom is tropical with significant rainfall with only a short dry season.

Government

Politics in Akwa Ibom state are dominated by the three main ethnic groups: the Ibibio, Annang and Oro. Of these three, the Ibibio remain the majority and have held sway in the state since its creation.

Ministries, Departments and Agencies

Here are the list of ministries in Akwa Ibom State

• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
• Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources
• Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives
• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources
• Akwa ibom state Ministry of Internal Security and Water ways

Local Government Areas

Шаблон:See also Akwa Ibom State consists of thirty-one (31) local government areas. They include:

Файл:Meridien Akwa Ibom park.jpg

Meridien Akwa Ibom park

• Abak
• Eastern Obolo
• Eket
• Esit-Eket
• Essien Udim
• Etim-Ekpo
• Etinan
• Ibeno
• Ibesikpo-Asutan
• Ibiono-Ibom
• Ika
• Ikono
• Ikot Abasi
• Ikot Ekpene
• Ini
• Itu
• Mbo
• Mkpat-Enin
• Nsit-Atai
• Nsit-Ibom
• Nsit-Ubium
• Obot-Akara
• Okobo
• Onna
• Oron
• Oruk Anam
• Ukanafun
• Udung-Uko
• Uruan
• Urue-Offong/Oruko
• Uyo

Demographics

Ethnic groups

The main ethnic groups of the state include: Ibibio, Anaang, Oro and Obolo.

Religion

The people of Akwa Ibom are predominantly Christians.

Файл:Pioneer Qua Iboe Church, full view. Upenekang, Ibeno.jpg

Pioneer Qua Iboe Church Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State

976,791 Catholics (2020) in the two dioceses of Uyo[1] (1989) with 74 parishes under Bishop John Ebebe Ayah (2014), and Ikot Ekpene (1963) with 53 parishes under Bishop Camillus Raymond Umoh (2010), both suffragans of the Archdiocese of Calabar.

The Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Uyo within the Church of Nigeria is Prince Asukwo Antai (2014).

Languages

Like their Efik neighbors of Cross River State, people of Akwa Ibom speak various dialects of the Ibibio-Efik languages, which belong to the Benue–Congo language family, forming part of the Niger–Congo group of languages.

The following table lists languages of Akwa Ibom State, and the local government areas in which they are spoken:

Language	LGA(s) spoken in
Anaang	Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, Obot Akara.
Obolo	Eastern Obolo
Ekid	Eket, Esit Eket
Etebi	Esit Eket
Ibibio	Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini.
Ibuno	Ibeno
Ika Oku	Ika
Nkari	Ini
Itu Mbon Uso	Ini
Idere	Itu
Efik	Itu, Uruan
Ebughu	Mbo, Oron
Efai	Mbo
Enwan	Mbo
Oro	Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko
Iko	Eastern Obolo
Okobo	Okobo
Ilue	Oron
Khana	Oruk-Anam

Education

The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education is tasked with monitoring the education sector of the state. The current region of Akwa Ibom State in old Calabar Kingdom, was the first to encounter Western education in Nigeria, with the establishment of Hope Waddell Training Institute, at Calabar in 1895, and the Methodist Boys' High School, Oron in 1905, as well as other top schools such as the Holy Family College at Abak and Regina Coeli College in Essene.

Some educational institutes in the state are:

• Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua
• Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA)
• Federal Polytechnic, Ukana
• Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene
• Heritage Polytechnic, Eket
• Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron
• Obong University, Obong Ntak
• Ritman University
• University of Uyo, Uyo

• Federal University of Technology, Ikot AbasiШаблон:Cn
• Federal College of Education Ididep, IbionoШаблон:Cn
• School of Basic Studies, Abak
• School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan
• Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun
• Topfaith University, Mkpatak
• Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo
• Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku

Transportation

Federal highways

• A342 east from Aba (Abia State) via Uyo to Oron,
• A4-1 east from A342 at Utu Ikot Ekpenyong to Cross River as the Ekot Ekpene-Calabar Rd.

Other major highways include:

• the Ikot Akan-Deyor Chara Rd across the Imo River at Kalaoko to Rivers State,
• the Nto Obo-Obon Ebot Rd west to Abia State at Azumini,
• the Umuahia Rd north from A342 at Ikot Ekpene to Abia.

Airports:

Victor Attah International Airport (2009) 24 km southeast of Uyo has services to Abuja and Lagos, and Eket Airstrip for domestic flights.

Notable people

• Senator Godswill Akpabio, former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader, Senate President (2023-)
• Obong Victor Attah, former governor of Akwa Ibom State
• Nathaniel Bassey is a Nigerian gospel music minister and RCCG Pastor from Uyo L.G.A, in Akwa ibom state.
• Effiong Dickson Bob
• Hilda Baci, known for attempting to break the Guinness World Record for longest cooking marathon.
• Ini Edo, Nollywood Actress
• Inibehe Effiong, a human rights lawyer, activist, social commentator, and litigation lawyer.
• Obong Ufot Ekaette, secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo
• Dominic Ekandem first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy.
• Senator (Engr.) Chris Ekpenyong Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the Victor Attah administration and former Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly.
• Engr. Patrick Ekpotu, former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State
• Udom Gabriel Emmanuel, former Governor of Akwa Ibom State
• Senator Ita Enang, Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President Muhammadu Buhari
• Vincent Enyeama, professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain
• Mark Essien, entrepreneur and founder of Hotels.ng
• Chief Donald Etiebet, former Minister of Petroleum
• Nse Ikpe-Etim, Nollywood actress
• Eve Esin, Nollywood actress
• Etim Inyang, former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985 to 1986
• Emmanuel Iren founder of Celebration Church International
• Obong Akpan Isemin, elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third RepublicШаблон:Cn
• Clement Isong, second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former Cross River State
• Emem Isong, multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy
• Rt. Hon. Onofiok Luke, the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament
• Group Capt. Idongesit Nkanga, former military governor of Akwa Ibom State
• Samuel Peter, world heavyweight boxing champion
• Egbert Udo Udoma, from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda
• Ime Bishop Umoh, Nollywood actor
• Professor Okon Uya was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President Ibrahim Babangida after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor Humphrey Nwosu dismissed.

Politics

The State government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with the state house of assembly. The capital city of the state is Uyo.

Electoral system

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.

See also

• Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education
• List Of Government Ministries Of Akwa Ibom State

References

Шаблон:Reflist 58. Pastor Nathaniel Bassey, Moses Bliss and Jimmy D Psalmist also made the list of 2022 Owwre.com Top 10 Nigerian Gospel Music Artists from Akwa Ibom State.

59. https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/

External links

• akwaibomstate.gov.ng: Official website of the Akwa Ibom State Government