Английская Википедия:Al-Abna'
Шаблон:Short description Al-Abnāʾ (Шаблон:Lang-ar) was a term that was used in pre-Islamic and early Islamic Yemen to refer to the descendants of Iranian soldiers who had intermarried with local Arab women in southern Arabia after its conquest by the Sasanian Iranian Empire. Sasanian Iranian troops were garrisoned in Sanaʽa and its surrounding regions following the Sasanian Iranian reconquest of Yemen from the Aksumite Ethiopian Empire in the 570s CE.Шаблон:Sfn Their leaders largely converted to Islam following the rise of Muhammad and were active in the early Muslim conflicts.
Etymology
According to a commentary on a poem Kitab al-Aghani by the 10th-century Arab historian Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, these people were up until this time referred to as banū al-aḥrār (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Literal translation) in Sanaʽa and as al-abnāʾ (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Literal translation) in the rest of Yemen.Шаблон:Sfn The names were defined as such due to a narration that told of a strong storm that hit ancient Yemen and revealed a stone inscription that stated, "Who rules Dhamar? Himyar the Good. Who rules Dhamar? The evil Abyssinians. Who rules Dhamar? The free Persians." A similar stone inscription was said to have been found underneath the Kaaba in pre-Islamic times.[1]
History
Шаблон:Cleanup section The known history of the Al-Abnāʾ people covers their time between the Aksumite–Persian wars in the 6th century and the rise of Islam in the 7th century. It is unknown whether the community had maintained the practices of Zoroastrianism from Iran, or if they had been influenced by South Arabian paganism and local Christianity. The 9th/10th-century Muslim scholar al-Tabari states that Khurrah Khosraw, the fourth Sasanian governor of Yemen, was replaced by the governor Badhan during the reign of Khosrow II due to the former's excessive assimilation with the local Arab society.Шаблон:Sfn
The authority of the Sasanian governors of Yemen was reduced during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628; this conflict had coincided with the rise of Islam. The Sasanian leaders in Yemen, including Badhan, Fayruz al-Daylami and Wahb ibn Munabbih, responded favourably to the diplomatic missions sent by Muhammad, and had formally converted to Islam by 631. Following Badhan's death, his son Shahr replaced him as governor but was killed by the rebellious Al-Aswad Al-Ansi, who had claimed prophethood during the Ridda wars. Al-Aswad was later killed by Fayruz, who assumed his position as governor of Yemen. After that, Ghayth ibn Abd Yaghuth rebels, this time against al-abna' themselves, seeking their expulsion from the Arabian Peninsula. Dādawayh (Шаблон:Lang), an al-abna' leader, was killed, while Fayruz al-Daylami and Jushnas (Gushnasp) managed to flee with their allies, and later defeated Ghayth ibn Abd Yaghuth. Fayruz al-Daylami and the abna' were later active in the fertile crescent and Yemen under Caliph Umar during the Second Ridda War.Шаблон:Sfn
The abna' retained their distinct identity during the Islamic period. Their nisba was al-Abnāwī (Шаблон:Lang). These people were gradually absorbed into the local population and thus disappeared from records.Шаблон:Sfn Descendants of al-Abna' live in the al-Furs village in Wadi Rijam, al-Abna' village in Wadi al-Sir in Bani Hushish District and in Khulan al-Tyal, Bayt Baws and Bani Bahlul.[2]
This title "al-abna'" may have been the root of the title "al-abna'" used to refer to the influential Persians of Baghdad in Abbasid period.Шаблон:Sfn The "abna'" recorded in some conflicts among Arabs of Khorasan in Umayyad period is not related to the abna' of Yemen.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
References
Sources
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ معجم البلدان والقبائل اليمنية، ابراهيم أحمد المقحفي، ص ١٨
- Английская Википедия
- History of Yemen
- 7th-century Islam
- 7th century in Yemen
- Islamic history of Yemen
- History of Sanaa
- Military history of Yemen
- People from the Sasanian Empire
- Military history of the Sasanian Empire
- Yemeni people of Iranian descent
- People from Sanaa
- Iran–Yemen relations
- Women in pre-Islamic Arabia
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
