Английская Википедия:Al-Ashraf Umar II
Al‐Malik Al‐Ashraf (Mumahhid Al‐Din) Umar Ibn Yūsuf Ibn Umar Ibn Alī Ibn Rasul (Шаблон:Lang-ar), known as Umar Ibn Yusuf (Шаблон:CircaШаблон:Snd1296) was the third Rasulid sultan, who ruled as Al-Ashraf Umar II. He was also a mathematician, astronomer and physician.
Biography
Few biographical details about Al‑Malik al‑Ashraf ‘Umar are known.[1] He was born in 1242 in Yemen,Шаблон:Refn and he died in 1296. Шаблон:Sfn He excelled in astronomy, agriculture, veterinary science and medicine.[1]
Al‑Ashraf ruled for as the third Rasulid sultan for 21 months from 1295, succeeding after the end of the 46-year rule of his father, Шаблон:Ill. According to the historian David King. In 1266 he commanded a military raid on the Yemenese city of Hajjah. He was made governor of Шаблон:Ill. He was in charge of the highland city of Sanaa, now the capital of Yemen. For a period al‑Ashraf ruled as governor of the flood‑irrigated lands near al‑Mahjam, which was owned by his family.[1]
Family
Шаблон:Further Al‑Ashraf had six adults sons. Two of his daughters married sons of his younger brother and successor, al-Mu'ayyad Da'ud.[1]
Data from the Encyclopaedia of Islam (1986)Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Chart top Шаблон:Tree chart/start Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart/end Шаблон:Chart bottom
Astronomical work
Al-Ashraf wrote the first description of the use of a magnetic compass for determining the Шаблон:Transliteration. His works on astronomy contain information on earlier sources.Шаблон:Sfn
In a treatise about astrolabes and sundials, al-Ashraf included information on the construction of a compass bowl (Шаблон:Transliteration). He then uses the compass to determine the north point, the meridian (Шаблон:Transliteration), and the Шаблон:Transliteration towards Mecca. This is the first mention of a compass in a medieval Islamic scientific text and its earliest known use as a Шаблон:Transliteration indicator, although al-Ashraf did not claim to be the first to use it for this purpose.Шаблон:Sfn
Al‑Ashraf astronomical treatise includes the names of local Yemeni star names.[1]
Treatise on agriculture
Al-Ashraf's Шаблон:Transliteration is considered by the historian David King to be crucial for constructing the history of agriculture during the Rasulid era. The work, of which two copies are extant, is the earliest Rasulid treatise about agriculture. The exact title is not known.[1]
The seven chapters of the treatise consider the knowledge of times for planting, transplanting, working the land and improving it; cereal crops (Шаблон:Transliteration); pulses (Шаблон:Transliteration), crops grown from seed (Шаблон:Transliteration); the cultivation of flowering plants (Шаблон:Transliteration); aromatic plants (Шаблон:Transliteration); growing vegetables (Шаблон:Transliteration and (Шаблон:Transliteration); and methods of pest control (Шаблон:Transliteration). The text would have been primarily of use to Yemenese farmers and landowners; there is evidence that Al-Ashraf obtained some of his information from other lands, although no other texts are mentioned.[1]
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
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Шаблон:Islamic astronomy Шаблон:Rasulid dynasty sultans Шаблон:Authority control
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- 1242 births
- 1296 deaths
- 13th-century Arab people
- 13th-century astronomers
- Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
- Yemeni astronomers
- Monarchs of Yemen
- 13th-century monarchs in Asia
- Rasulid dynasty
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