Английская Википедия:Al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat
Шаблон:Distinguish Abu'l-Fath al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat (Шаблон:Lang-ar) (died 938), also called with the matronymic Ibn Hinzaba, was a member of the bureaucratic Banu'l-Furat family from Iraq, who served twice as vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Family
Abu'l-Fath al-Fadl ibn Ja'far ibn al-Furat was the scion of a bureaucratic dynasty, the Banu'l-Furat, that had occupied senior posts in the fiscal bureaucracy of the Abbasid Caliphate at Baghdad since the reign of Caliph al-Mu'tadid (Шаблон:Reign) and had gone on to become one of the two major factions within the Abbasid administrative elite in the first decades of the 10th century.Шаблон:Sfn Fadl's father, Abu'l-Khattab Ja'far, was head of the land department for the East and West from 908 until his death in 909/10, while his uncle was the famous Abu'l-Hasan Ali, who served three times as vizier to Caliph al-Muqtadir.Шаблон:Sfn
Fadl was often called "Ibn Hinzaba" after his mother.Шаблон:Sfn From this the branch of the family he founded is usually called "Banu Hinzaba".Шаблон:Sfn
Early career
Fadl replaced his father as head of the land department for the East (dīwān al-mashriq), holding the post until 911/2.Шаблон:Sfn He was appointed as deputy head of the same department during the first vizierate of Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah,Шаблон:Sfn who would emerge as his uncle's greatest opponent and the leader of the rival Banu'l-Jarrah faction.Шаблон:Sfn In 917–918, when his uncle was vizier for a second time, Fadl was again head of the department.Шаблон:Sfn
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat and his son al-Muhassin were executed in 924 as a result of the unrestrained persecution of their political rivals,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn after which Fadl became the most senior member of his family. For a few years, he had to hide, as the reputation of the Banu'l-Furat had been tainted by bloodshed.Шаблон:Sfn It was Ibn al-Jarrah who brought Fadl back into government as head of the land department for the East in 927.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn When Ibn al-Jarrah was disgraced following the Qarmatian invasion of 927, Fadl was one of the chief candidates to succeed him, along with Ibn Muqla and al-Nayramani. However, as he was too identified with the Banu'l-Furat faction, Ibn Muqla became vizier.Шаблон:Sfn Fadl kept his previous post during Ibn Muqla's vizierate.Шаблон:Sfn
In 931, the support of the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar—another formerly staunch opponent of his uncleШаблон:Sfn—secured for him the land department of the Sawad, before returning to the land department of the East in 931–932 under the vizier al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim, who employed several ministers from the faction of Abu'l-Khattab Ja'far.Шаблон:Sfn
First vizierate
Eventually Fadl himself was appointed vizier in May 932, after the previous incumbent al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim, had been deposed due to his inability to manage the dismal finances. Fadl himself had been instrumental in disclosing that Ibn al-Qasim had only managed to balance the budget with revenue that was no longer available, thus precipitating his downfall. With the support of al-Muqtadir's influential cousin, Harun ibn Gharib, he now became vizier.Шаблон:Sfn His tenure lasted only for a few months, being plagued by multiple problems.Шаблон:Sfn The Byzantine attacks on the frontier districts continued, as did the attacks of Mardavij in Persia. The refugees fleeing both often rioted in Baghdad, and even attacked the vizier in his own residence; Fadl only escaped death by leaping into his barge and rowing away.Шаблон:Sfn At the same time, Upper Mesopotamia was in the hands of Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, now hostile to the Caliph, while much of southern Iraq was being controlled or raided by the Qarmatians. Food became scarce in Baghdad, and the resulting famine led to an outbreak of plague in the city.Шаблон:Sfn
Harun ibn Gharib and Fadl encouraged al-Muqtadir to reconcile with Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, and invite the latter back to Baghdad, against the counsel of Muhammad ibn Yaqut and the sons of Ra'iq, who remained utterly opposed to Mu'nis. The Caliph hesitate between the two opinions, but finally listened to the latter.Шаблон:Sfn When Mu'nis marched on Baghdad, the Caliph rode out to confront him and was killed in the ensuing battle. Mu'nis thus emerged as the undisputed king-maker and dictator of the Caliphate.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn A new caliph, al-Qahir, was installed, and Ibn Muqla became vizier.Шаблон:Sfn
Second vizierate, retirement and death
It was not until the caliphate of al-Radi (Шаблон:Reign) that Fadl again occupied high office, being appointed inspector of Egypt and Syria. In that capacity, he confirmed Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid's rule over Egypt.Шаблон:Sfn In 937 (AH 325), the amir al-umara Ibn Ra'iq appointed him again to the vizierate, and married his daughter to Fadl's son Ja'far.Шаблон:Sfn He retired later in the same year (AH 326), and retired to Egypt. He died in 938, and was buried at Ramla.Шаблон:Sfn
His son Ja'far became vizier of the Ikhshidid dynasty of Egypt, remaining in office from 946 until the Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969.Шаблон:Sfn He was also a prominent traditionalist and transmitter of hadith.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:New Cambridge History of Islam
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:EI2
- Шаблон:The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq
- Шаблон:EI2
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end
- Английская Википедия
- 9th-century births
- 938 deaths
- 10th-century Arab people
- 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
- Banu'l-Furat
- Viziers of the Abbasid Caliphate
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
