Английская Википедия:Al-Imama wa al-siyasa
Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox book
Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar) is a work about the history of Islam written before the fifth century AH (twelfth century CE). This book is sometimes attributed to the Sunni Muslim Ibn Qutayba (Шаблон:Died in), although this attribution is disputed.Шаблон:Sfn The work might have been authored by another Sunni author, either in the Umayyad Spain or after the Abbasid rulers adopted Sunni orthodoxy as the basis of their authority.Шаблон:Sfn
The ongoing debate about the authorship of this book remains relevant in view of its controversial content:Шаблон:Sfn while the book has an evident pro-Sunni tone, it also corroborates Shia reports about a violent attack on the house of Fatima, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Шаблон:Sfn In Shia sources, the death (and miscarriage) of the young Fatima within six months of Muhammad's death in 632 are attributed to the injuries she suffered during this alleged attack.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Most Sunni sources, on the other hand, categorically deny any such violence.Шаблон:Sfn
The book is traditionally known as Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lit), and its edition by Zini Taha was published in 1967 in Cairo.Шаблон:Sfn
Author
This book is sometimes attributed to the Sunni Muslim Ibn Qutayba (Шаблон:Died in), the famous Abbasid-era historian. This attribution is challenged by Shakir Mustafa, who writes that the Sunni author of the book was likely a Maliki scholar, whereas Ibn Qutayba belonged to the Hanafi school. He adds that the book contains information about the conquest of Spain which was likely unknown to Ibn Qutayba and his sources. The book also mentions the city of Marakesh, which according to Mustafa was founded in 454 AH, some two centuries after the death of Ibn Qutayba in 276 AH. Mustafa nevertheless dates the book to the mid-fourth century AH. This is in turn disputed by David S. Margoliouth (Шаблон:Died in), who suggests that the book was authored in the third century AH.Шаблон:Sfn Mahmoud M. Ayoub (Шаблон:Died in) believes that the book was written by a Sunni author, either in the Umayyad Spain or after the Abbasid rulers adopted Sunni orthodoxy as the basis of their authority.Шаблон:Sfn
Controversial content
Шаблон:See also The conflict in 632 over the succession to Muhammad between his cousin and son-in-law Ali and his father-in-law Abu Bakr is described in the book more openly than in most other sources.Шаблон:Sfn This may be summarized as follows:
After the Saqifa meeting, in which Abu Bakr was appointed in the absence of Ali as the caliph by the Ansar (Medinan Muslims),Шаблон:Sfn the book reports that the latter and his wife Fatima visited the Ansar at their homes and appealed for their support. They told the couple that they would have pledged their allegiance to Ali instead of Abu Bakr had he been present at the Saqifa. Ali responded that he could have not left Muhammad unburied in his house to quarrel about his succession. Fatima also asked them to hold Abu Bakr accountable.Шаблон:Sfn Ali thus withheld his pledge and was joined by some supporters at his home. Umar (and his men)Шаблон:Sfn soon came and threatened to set the house on fire if they did not pay allegiance to Abu Bakr,Шаблон:Sfn and they all did so except for Ali,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn who said that he would not leave the house until he had compiled his recension of the Quran.Шаблон:Sfn The mob, however, retreated after Fatima publicly shamed them.Шаблон:Sfn Ali was nevertheless pulled out of his house by force and brought before Abu Bakr,Шаблон:Sfn where he paid allegiance under duress.Шаблон:Sfn The book describes that Abu Bakr and Umar subsequently visited Fatima on her deathbed to make amends to Muhammad's daughter.Шаблон:Sfn Abu Bakr told her that he was compelled to withhold her inheritance from the estate of her father because Muhammad had reportedly left his estate to charity.Шаблон:Sfn Fatima in turn reminded the two of his father's words, "...whoever angered Fatima has angered me," and said that they had angered her and that she would take her complaint to God and his prophet.Шаблон:Sfn
Vinay Khetia suggests that the author of Шаблон:Transliteration made his report palatable to his Sunni audience by depicting the companions as remorseful for what happened to Fatima, and by presenting Abu Bakr as a wise elderШаблон:Sfn who was forced to contend with the daughter of Muhammad, whom the author portrays as an "angry and rancorous" young woman.Шаблон:Sfn She adds that the author did not view this conflict as evidence of the eternal damnation of Abu Bakr but rather as a dispute between two sincere Muslims.Шаблон:Sfn The Sunni author of the book also complements these reports with one in which Ali publicly praises Abu Bakr as the only possible successor to Muhammad.Шаблон:Sfn The author then continues to laud Abu Bakr, whom he describes with the honorific Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lit).Шаблон:Sfn
See also
References
Citations
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite thesis
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
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