Английская Википедия:Al-Mirr

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Шаблон:Infobox settlement

Al-Mirr, also named Mahmudiyeh ("the property of Mahmud"),[1] was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict, which was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on February 1, 1948.

Location

The village was located Шаблон:Convert northeast of Jaffa, on the southern bank of the al-'Awja river. A short, secondary track linked it to the railway line running between Ras al-Ayn and Petah Tikva.[2]

History

A mill and dam built at this site in late Roman/early Byzantine period were repaired in Crusader times. The mill was mentioned in Crusader sources in 1158/9 C.E.[3]

Excavations of the mill have recovered several 14th-century coins, which indicate that it was in use in the Mamluk period.[4]

Ottoman era

The modern village was founded during the reign of the Mahmud II (1808–39), the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and was also known as "Al Mahmudiyya".[2] In 1856 the village was named el Mir on Kiepert's map of Palestine published that year.[5]

In 1870 Victor Guérin visited and described the village (which he called Ma'moudieh): "It contains at most two hundred inhabitants, who live in houses built of adobe. Several mills are set in motion by the cascading waterfalls along the Nahr el-A'oudjeh. A small bridge over the river makes it possible to cross it at this point".[6] An Ottoman village list from about the same year indicated 30 houses and a population of 69, though the population count included men only.[7][8]

The PEF's Survey of Western Palestine in 1882 described al-Mirr as "a small mud village, with mills close to the river."[9]

British Mandate era

During the British Mandate for Palestine, the population was recorded as 75 Muslims in the 1922 census,[10] and the village was classified as a hamlet in the Palestine Index Gazetteer.[2] In the 1931 census Mahmudiya had 101 inhabitants, still all Muslims, in 25 houses.[11]

In the 1945 statistics the population numbered 170 Muslims,[12] who worked in agriculture and with transportation. Cultivated lands in the village in 1944-45 included 2 dunums planted with citrus and bananas, and 31 dunums planted with cereals.[2][13] 2 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[14]

Файл:Al MIrr 1941.jpg
Al-Mirr 1941 1:20,000
Файл:Al Mirr 1945.jpg
Al-Mirr 1945 1:250,000 (top centre)

1948, and aftermath

Before the outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, al-Mirr's inhabitants left on February 3, 1948, out of fear of Jewish attack.[15] According to Benny Morris, some of the inhabitants returned on February 15, but fled for the final time one month later.[15] However, according to Walid Khalidi, citing The New York Times, the villagers apparently returned yet again, as Jewish forces attacked the village in mid-May.[16] The 13 May attack would have occurred around the same time as an attack into the area by Irgun.[2]

The remains of a Turkish bridge lies where the village was.[2]

Andrew Petersen, an archaeologist specializing in Islamic architecture, visited the mill in 1991. He found that it had probably been built in several phases. Presently, it consists of a rectangular building, 60 m. NS x 10 m EW, on two levels.[17] At the lower level are at least 13 parallel water inlets. These inlets are of two different types, (indicating different construction date); a flat slab roof, and pointed vaulted roof. Between the two levels are holes in the floor, presumably this is where the millstones were connected to the turbines.[17]

See also

Шаблон:Gallery

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Palmer216 не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 Khalidi, 1992, p.250.
  3. ↑ Röhricht, 1893, RRH No 330; cited in Pringle, 1997, p. 72
  4. ↑ Shkolnik, 1994, p32. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 222
  5. ↑ Kiepert, 1856, Map of Southern Palestine
  6. ↑ Guérin, 1875, p. 371
  7. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 157
  8. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 137, noted 26 houses
  9. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, II:252
  10. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jaffa, p. 20
  11. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 14
  12. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок 1945p27 не указан текст
  13. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 96
  14. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 146
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Morris, 2004, p. 129
  16. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 250, citing The New York Times, 13.05.1948 and 13.05.1948. The NYT statement is based on British Army statement, which, according to Khalidi, incorrectly refers to the village of Antipatris
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 Petersen, 2001, p. 222-223
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