Английская Википедия:Alai Darwaza
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox historic site
Ala'i Darwaza (Шаблон:Lang-ur) is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Qutb complex, Mehrauli, Delhi, India. Built by Sultan Alauddin Khalji in 1311 and made of red sandstone, it is a square domed gatehouse with arched entrances and houses a single chamber.
It has a special significance in Indo-Islamic architecture as the first Indian monument to be built using Islamic methods of construction and ornamentation and is a World Heritage Site.[1]
Background
The Alai Darwaza was built by Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Khalji dynasty in 1311. It was a part of his plan to extend the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque on four sides. Although he planned to construct four gates, only the Alai Darwaza could be completed as he died in 1316.[2] It serves as the southern gateway of the mosque.[1] It is located at the southern part of the Qutb complex.[2]
In 1993, the Darwaza and the other monuments of the complex were designated a World Heritage Site.[3] The surrounding of Qutb Minar including many tombs,mosque and Iron pillar is called Qutb Complex
Architecture
The Alai Darwaza is made up of a single hall whose interior part measures Шаблон:Convert and exterior part measures Шаблон:Convert.[2] It is Шаблон:Convert tall and the walls are Шаблон:Convert thick.[4]
The gatehouse, from 1311, still shows a cautious approach to the new technology, with very thick walls and a shallow dome, only visible from a certain distance or height. Bold contrasting colors of masonry, with red sandstone and white marble, introduce what was to become a common feature of Indo-Islamic architecture, substituting for the polychrome tiles used in Persia and Central Asia. The pointed arches come together slightly at their base, giving a mild horseshoe arch effect, and their internal edges are not cusped but lined with conventionalized "spearhead" projections, possibly representing lotus buds. Net, stone openwork screens, are introduced here; they already had been long used in temples.[5]
The height of the dome is Шаблон:Convert.[2] It is the first true dome built in India, as previous attempts to construct a true dome were not successful.[2]
The entire Darwaza is made up of red sandstone with white colored marbles inlaid on the exterior walls.[6] There is extensive Arabic calligraphy on the walls of the Darwaza. The arches are horseshoe shaped,[4] the first time such arches were used in India. The façade has pre-Turkish carvings and patterns.[2] The windows have marble lattices. The surface decoration consists of interweaved floral tendrils and is repeated with symmetry on three doorways.[2][7]
Gallery
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Alai Darwaza in the 1870s
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Alai Darwaza with the Tomb of Imam Zamin in the foreground
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Doorway of the Darwaza
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Window of the Darwaza
References
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Blair, Sheila, and Bloom, Jonathan M., The Art and Architecture of Islam, 1250–1800, p. 151, 1995, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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