Английская Википедия:Alais meteorite

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox meteorite

Alais or Allais is the first carbonaceous chondrite meteorite identified. It fell near Alès in 1806 in multiple fragments which together weighed Шаблон:Convert, although only Шаблон:Convert remains. The meteorite contains a number of elements in similar proportions to the Solar System in its primordial state. It also contains organic compounds and water. It has proved to be one of the most important meteorites discovered in France.

History

At 17:00 on 15 March 1806, two detonations were heard near Alès in Gard, France.Шаблон:Sfn Shortly afterwards, two soft black stones were discovered in the villages of Saint-Étienne-de-l'Olm and Castelnau-Valence, weighing Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert respectively. The fragments were collected by people who observed the impact and given to two scientists that lived locally.[1] The meteorite was analysed by Louis Jacques Thénard, who published a study in 1807, showing that it had a high carbon content.Шаблон:Sfn It was initially doubted that the fragments were of non-terrestrial origins as their attributes were markedly different to existing meteorites.Шаблон:Sfn However, it was increasingly realised that this was a new, albeit rare, type of meteorite.Шаблон:Sfn The meteorite is also known as Valence.[1]

Curation and distribution

As an early fall (soon after the consensus that meteorites were real, extraterrestrial phenomenon), Alais has largely been dispersed. Few samples have been preserved, less than Orgueil, but more than Tonk and particularly Revelstoke.

Org Mass Place Country Ref
Mus. NdH 45 g Paris France [2]
Geol. Surv. Ind. 5g Kolkata India
Vat. Met. Coll. 4.5g Castel Gandolfo Italy
ASU 3g Tempe USA
Field Mus. 3.6g Chicago USA
Uni. Tübingen 1.9g Tübingen Germany
Geol. Surv. Ca. 1.9g Ottawa Canada
Mus. fur Nat. 1.7g Berlin Germany
Nat. Hist. Mus. 1.7g Wien Austria
Smithsonian 0.7g Washington USA [3]
Am. Mus. N.H. 0.6g New York USA
IfP 0.5g Munster Germany
Ro. Akad. Nauk. <.5g Moscow Russia
West. Aus. Mus. <.5g Perth Australia
DuPont Coll. 0.2g Palatine USA

Source: Grady, M. M. Catalogue of Meteorites, 5th Edition, Cambridge University Press

Description

Overview

The Alais meteorite is one of the most important meteorites in France.Шаблон:Sfn It is black with loose friable textures with a low density of less than Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Originally consisting of fragments that together weighed Шаблон:Convert, it has been subject to substantial scientific examination and currently only Шаблон:Convert remains.Шаблон:Sfn A fragment, weighing Шаблон:Convert is held by the National Museum of Natural History, France.Шаблон:Sfn

Composition and classification

The meteorite is one of five known meteorites belonging to the CI chondrite group.Шаблон:Sfn This group is remarkable for having an elemental distribution that has the strongest similarity to that of the solar nebula. Except for certain volatile elements, like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the noble gases, which are not present in the meteorites in the same proportions, the ratios of the elements are very similar.Шаблон:Sfn The meteorite contains cubanite, dolomite, fosterite, pyrrhotite and zircon amongst other minerals.Шаблон:Sfn

Origin of life controversy

The meteorite has been at the centre of controversial claims about an extraterrestrial origin of life since the discovery of organic matter on the meteorite by Jöns Jacob Berzelius.Шаблон:Sfn Organic compounds, amino acids and water have been found in the meteorite. However, studies differentiate between organic and biological matter, the latter not being present.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Meteorites by name

Шаблон:Authority control

  1. 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок metbulldb не указан текст
  2. Шаблон:Cite web
  3. Шаблон:Cite web