Английская Википедия:Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox military person Admiral Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner (12 February 1742 – 1 January 1809), was a British Royal Navy officer and peer of the realm. He was regarded by some as one of the Georgian era's most dashing frigate captains and, ultimately, a respected senior admiral.
Gardner joined the Royal Navy in 1755. Promoted to captain in 1766, his first command was the fireship Шаблон:HMS.[1] He commanded a number of frigates before being promoted to a ship of the line. In 1782 he commanded the 98-gun Шаблон:HMS at the Battle of the Saintes, and in 1786 as commodore of the Jamaica Station (consisting of HMS Europa and Шаблон:HMS),[2] he suppressed smuggling in the Gulf of Mexico and ordered detailed hydrographic surveys of Caribbean locations of interest to the Navy. During this time, he commanded and probably mentored future famous officers such as George Vancouver, Peter Puget and Joseph Whidbey.[3]
Gardner became a Member of Parliament for Plymouth in 1790 and later for Westminster in 1796. He was appointed to the Board of Admiralty in 1790 and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Leeward Islands Station in 1793.[4] As rear admiral in November 1793, he was among the first officers to articulate a growing conviction in the navy that lemons were the best cure for scurvy and, going against prevailing medical opinion, demanded a supply for his ships. The resulting scurvy-free voyage of Шаблон:HMS to India was a crucial element in the Admiralty's decision in 1795 to issue lemon juice as a daily ration in the navy – a policy which drastically minimised outbreaks of scurvy.[5] He left the Admiralty Board in 1795 and was promoted to full admiral. He commanded a squadron during the Mutiny at Spithead in 1797, and Gardner negotiated directly with the mutineers, until he lost his temper, seized a mutineer by the throat and threatened to hang the lot. This nearly led to his own demise at the hands of the mutineers, but cooler heads prevailed.[6]
In 1800 he became commander-in-chief of the Cork Station.Шаблон:Sfn That year he was also created Baron Gardner, of Uttoxeter, in the Peerage of Ireland and in 1806 the title of Baron Gardner in the Peerage of the United Kingdom was created for him. He was briefly commander-in-chief of Portsmouth from March to June 1803[7] but returned to the Cork Station after that. In a letter dated 19 May 1803 to Lady Hamilton he is referred to by Lord Nelson as a drinker, saying "... I shall get from him as soon as I can for they say there is much drinking...".[8] In 1807 he was made commander-in-chief of the Channel Fleet and he died in office on 1 January 1809.Шаблон:Sfn
His memorial in the south transept of Bath Abbey, where he is interred, states that "The post of Major General of the Marine Forces was purposely created and bestowed on him by His most Gracious Sovereign for the very distinguished part He took in the ever Memorable Battle of the 1st of June 1794".
Family
Gardner was born at the Manor House, Uttoxeter, which is commemorated by a plaque. He married Susannah Hyde Gale (2 May 1749 – 20 April 1823) in Kingston, Jamaica on 20 May 1769.[9] She was a Jamaican heiress and the daughter of Francis Gale, a plantation owner, and Susanna Hall.[9] They had nine sons and a daughter. His eldest son, Alan Gardner, 2nd Baron Gardner, became an admiral in the Royal Navy; the second son, Francis, also became an admiral; and the third son William, became a major general.[10]
Gardner's brother, Major Valentine Gardner, served with the 16th Foot during its service in America from 1767 to 1782, and his son (Gardner's nephew) was Colonel William Linnæus Gardner, a British Indian officer, who created Gardner's Horse in 1809.Шаблон:Sfn[11]
Gardner's sister, Dorothea (Dolly) Gardner Barrie, had a son Robert Barrie who by the patronage of his uncle took part in the Vancouver Expedition. Later in life, Barrie would be knighted and become a rear admiral.[12]
Legacy
An East Indiaman was named after Admiral Gardner; it was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands, 25 January 1809.[13] It was carrying a large number of copper 10 and 20 cash coins minted by the East India Company for circulation in the Madras Presidency.[14] The coins were preserved in tightly sealed barrels and large numbers were retrieved in 1985. They are frequently packaged and sold as inexpensive "shipwreck coins."[15]
References
- Attribution
Шаблон:Cite DNB; Endnotes:
- Charnock's Biog. Nav. vi. 583
- Ralfe's Nav. Biog. i. 407
- Foster's Peerage
- Jerdan's National Portrait Gallery
Sources
External links
- Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner, illustrations in the National Maritime Museum
- Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner, illustrations in the National Portrait Gallery
- Alan Gardner at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- Heart of Oak: Letters from Admiral Gardner (1742–1809), edited Francis Noel Day, 30 September 2015, Шаблон:ISBN – a recently published collection of correspondence
- Шаблон:UK National Archives ID
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-par Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-non Шаблон:S-par Шаблон:S-new Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:S-mil Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:Succession box |- Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:S-new Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:S-new Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:S-new Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Cundall, p. xx
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ History in Portsmouth Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ William Courthope ed. Gardner entry p. 323 Debrett's Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed for J.G. & F. Rivington, 1838 – 781 pages. Retrieved from Google Books.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Sir Robert Barrie at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Soho Mint: The Loss of the Admiral Gardner
- ↑ Coin Community
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1742 births
- 1809 deaths
- Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
- Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III
- People from Uttoxeter
- Royal Navy admirals
- Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Plymouth
- British MPs 1790–1796
- British MPs 1796–1800
- Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
- UK MPs 1801–1802
- UK MPs 1802–1806
- UK MPs who were granted peerages
- Barons in the Peerage of Ireland
- Peers of Ireland created by George III
- Lords of the Admiralty
- 18th-century Royal Navy personnel
- Military personnel from Staffordshire
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии