Английская Википедия:Alba
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Alba (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell,[1][2] Шаблон:IPA-gd) is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland. It is also, in English language historiography, used to refer to the polity of Picts and Scots united in the ninth century as the Kingdom of Alba,[3] until it developed into the Kingdom of Scotland of the late Middle Ages following the absorption of Strathclyde and English-speaking Lothian in the 12th century.[4] It is cognate with the Irish term Шаблон:Lang (gen. Шаблон:Lang, dat. Шаблон:Lang) and the Manx term Шаблон:Lang, the two other Goidelic Insular Celtic languages, as well as contemporary words used in Cornish (Шаблон:Lang) and Welsh (Шаблон:Lang), both of which are Brythonic Insular Celtic languages. The third surviving Brythonic language, Breton, instead uses Шаблон:Lang, meaning 'country of the Scots'. In the past, these terms were names for Great Britain as a whole, related to the Brythonic name Albion.
Etymology
The term first appears in classical texts as Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transliteration[5] or Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transliteration (in Ptolemy's writings in Greek), and later as Шаблон:Lang in Latin documents. Historically, the term refers to Britain as a whole and is ultimately based on the Indo-European root for "white".[6] It later came to be used by Gaelic speakers in the form of Шаблон:Lang (dative Шаблон:Lang, genitive Шаблон:Lang, now obsolete) as the name given to the former kingdom of the Picts which when first used in this sense (around the time of king Causantín mac Áeda (Constantine II, 943–952)) had expanded. The region Breadalbane (Шаблон:Lang, the upper part of "Alba") takes its name from it as well.
As time passed, that kingdom incorporated other territories to its south. It became re-Latinised in the High Medieval period as "Albania" (it is unclear whether it may ultimately share the same etymon as the modern Albania). This latter word was employed mainly by Celto-Latin writers, and most famously by Geoffrey of Monmouth. It was this word which passed into Middle English as Albany, although very rarely was this used for the Kingdom of Scotland, but rather for the notional Duchy of Albany. It is from the latter that Albany, the capital of the US state of New York, and Albany, Western Australia, take their names.
It also appears in the anglicised literary form of Albyn, as in Byron's Childe Harold:
- And wild and high the 'Cameron's gathering' rose,
- The war-note of Lochiel, which Albyn's hills
- Have heard, and heard, too, have her Saxon foes
Modern uses
BBC Alba, a television channel broadcasting mainly in Scottish Gaelic, was launched in September 2008 as a joint venture between the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Gaelic company MG Alba. A new version of Runrig's song Шаблон:Lang (originally on their album, The Cutter and the Clan) was featured on the channel's launch.
In the mid-1990s, the Celtic League started a campaign to have the word "Alba" on the Scottish football and rugby tops. Since 2005, the SFA have supported the use of Scottish Gaelic by adding Шаблон:Lang on the back of the official team strip.[7] However, as of 2008, the SRU is still being lobbied to have Шаблон:Lang added to the national rugby union strip.[8]
In 2007, the then Scottish Executive re-branded itself as "The Scottish Government" and started to use a bilingual logo with the Gaelic name Шаблон:Lang. However, the Gaelic version from the outset had always been Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Clarify The Scottish Parliament, likewise, uses the Gaelic name Шаблон:Lang.
A new welcome sign on the historic A7 route into Scotland was erected in 2009, with the text Шаблон:Lang.
Phrases such as Шаблон:Lang may be used as a catch-phrase or rallying cry. It was used in the movie Braveheart as William Wallace encouraged the troops at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
In March 2021, former first minister of Scotland and leader of the SNP Alex Salmond launched the pro-independence Alba Party, set to contest the 2021 Scottish Parliament elections.[9]
See also
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite dictionary
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Ancient Greek Шаблон:Lang transliteration Шаблон:Transliteration Aristotle: On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos., 393b, pages 360–361, Loeb Classical Library No. 400, London William Heinemann LTD, Cambridge, Massachusetts University Press MCMLV
- ↑ MacBain, A An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language Gairm 1896, reprinted 1982 Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
