Английская Википедия:Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox Ambassador Albert Viktor Julius Joseph Michael Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein (5 September 1861 – 15 June 1945) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat who served as Ambassador to London at the outbreak of World War I.
Early life
Born in Lemberg (now Lviv) on 5 September 1861 as the second son of Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, Prince von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, a former Austro-Hungarian politician, and his wife Alexandrine (née Countess von Dietrichstein-Proskau und Leslie), heiress of the Princes of Dietrichstein. By birth, he was a member of Mensdorff-Pouilly family which originated from Lorraine in France and had fled the French Revolution in 1790.[1]
Career
Count von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein entered the Austro-Hungarian foreign service in 1884 and was assigned as an attaché to the embassy in Paris and transferred to London in 1889. His family connections with the British court, derived through the marriage of his grandfather Count Emmanuel von Mensdorff-Pouilly with Queen Victoria's aunt, Princess Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and his father had been a godson and favorite friend of Queen Victoria's husband, the Prince Consort. On 6 May 1904, he presented his credentials as Ambassador of the Dual Monarchy at the Court of St. James's, a promotion over the heads of many of his seniors that had come at the request of his second cousin King Edward VII.[2]
Considered both an effective and popular diplomat in London's aristocratic circles,[3] his friendship with King Edward VII and his successor George V gave him an entrée to the British court unrivalled by any other diplomat.[4] This contributed to the secure and friendly diplomatic relations between Austria-Hungary and Great Britain before the war. However, his alleged Anglophilia also brought him a certain mistrust in some circles in Vienna, including Archduke Franz Ferdinand. In the critical negotiations during the July Crisis of 1914, he supported the attempts to avert the danger and correspondence has shown that he was not kept fully informed of his capital's intentions. War against Austria-Hungary was declared by the United Kingdom on 12 August, whereafter Count von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein left London.
During World War I, Mensdorff-Pouilly was entrusted with several diplomatic missions directed towards the restoration of peace. The most famous one was the meeting with General Jan Smuts in Geneva in December 1917. However, these negotiations proved as fruitless as those which he conducted with the representatives of the Triple Entente in the last days of the Habsburg Monarchy.[5]
In 1917, Mensdorff-Pouilly was appointed to the Upper House (Herrenhaus)[6] and in the following year he was a favourite of the court to replace Count Ottokar Czernin as foreign minister, but he was judged too Anglophile by Berlin.
Although the count retired from active service in 1919, he was appointed the first chief delegate of the Republic of Austria to the League of Nations in 1920. In this capacity, he negotiated the Geneva Protocols in 1922 on a loan for the economic and financial reconstruction of Austria.[7]
Count von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein died of starvation in Vienna on 15 June 1945.
Honours
He received the following orders and decorations:[8]
- Шаблон:Flag:
- Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Leopold, 1908[9]
- Commander of the Teutonic Order
- Шаблон:Flag: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Alexander
- Шаблон:Flagicon Шаблон:Flagicon Шаблон:Flagicon Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
- Шаблон:Flag: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav, 26 February 1917[10]
- Шаблон:Flag: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class
- Шаблон:Flagicon Parmese Ducal Family: Senator Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
- Шаблон:Flag: Knight of the Order of Saint Anna, 2nd Class
- Шаблон:Flagcountry: Honorary Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order, 30 June 1897;[11] Grand Cross, 11 October 1901[12]
Ancestry
References
External links
- Шаблон:Cite EB1922
- 'Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein Albert Graf', Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950
- 'Albert Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein', Solving Problems Through Force
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-dip Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end
- ↑ http://www.zamekboskovice.cz/en/mensdorff-pouilly
- ↑ 'Count von Mensdorff', New York Times, 18 June 1945.
- ↑ 'Albert Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein', Solving Problems Through Force
- ↑ William D. Godsey, Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War, West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999, p.24.
- ↑ 'Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein Albert Graf', Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, vol. 6, Vienna, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1957, p. 224.
- ↑ 'Emperor honors Dumba', op. cit., 24 May 1917.
- ↑ 'Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein Albert Graf', op. cit.
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 438
- ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
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