Английская Википедия:Alcuronium chloride
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Drugbox
Alcuronium chloride (formerly marketed as Alloferin) is a neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agent, alternatively referred to as a skeletal muscle relaxant. It is a semi-synthetic substance prepared from C-toxiferine I,[1] a bis-quaternary alkaloid obtained from Strychnos toxifera. C-toxiferine I itself has been tested for its pharmacological action and noted to be a very long acting neuromuscular blocking agent[2] For a formal definition of the durations of actions associated with NMB agents, see page for gantacurium. The replacement of both the N-methyl groups with N-allyl moieties yielded N,N-diallyl-bis-nortoxiferine, now recognized as alcuronium.
Inclusion of the allylic functions presented an enhanced potential area of biotransformation, and thus alcuronium is observed to have a much shorter duration of neuromuscular blocking action than its parent C-toxiferine I.[3] It also has a more rapid onset of action, and is ~1.5 times as potent as tubocurarine.[4] The pharmacological action of alcuronium is readily reversed by neostigmine, and it produces little histamine release.[5] The major disadvantage of alcuronium is that it elicits a vagolytic effect produced by a selective atropine-like blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors.[4][6][7]
Effects
- Cardiovascular system: histamine release and blockage of the sympathetic ganglia including adrenal medulla could cause hypotension
- Respiratory system: apnea due to phrenic blockage but bronchoconstriction can occur from the histamine release
- Central nervous system: no effect on intraocular pressure
- Autonomic ganglion blockade can cause a decrease in gut motility
Special points
- Duration of action prolonged in states of low potassium, calcium and protein, also in states of high magnesium and acidosis.
- Pharmaceutically incompatible with thiopentone
- Infusion can cause fixed dilated pupils
See also
References
Further reading
Шаблон:Muscle relaxants Шаблон:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Martin-Smith M (1971), In: Ariens EJ (ed.), "Drug Design". Vol. 2. Academic Press. New York and London. pp.453-530.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
