Английская Википедия:Aleksandr Maksimov (ethnographer)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Aleksandr Nikolayevich Maksimov (Шаблон:Lang-ru; 13 August 1872 – 24 April 1941) was a Soviet ethnographer who focused on the history of the family, the clan and the economy.
Career
Aleksandr Maksimov was born in Oryol on 13 August 1872.Шаблон:Sfn He became a member of the circle formed by A.I. Ryazanov, although he did not immediately adopt the Marxist creeds of its leader.Шаблон:Sfn In 1894 he was arrested and deported to Arkhangelsk Governorate. There he became interested on ethnology.Шаблон:Sfn After returning to Moscow, Maksimov was made head of the ethnographic department of the Society of the Aficionados of the Natural Sciences, Anthropology and Ethnography (OLEAE), and for many years contributed book reviews to the Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie, gaining recognition and respect among Russian ethnographers. Between 1900 and 1917 he published a number of papers that attacked the evolutionist view of the way in which kinship and social organizations had developed.Шаблон:Sfn He was a professor at Moscow State University from 1919 to 1930, and a bibliographer at the V. I. Lenin State Library from 1919 to 1935.
Maksimov died on 24 April 1941 in Moscow.Шаблон:Sfn
Views
Maksimov belonged to the school of ethnologists in Russia that depended on foreign literature for information on hunter-gatherers in other parts of the world, as opposed to those who concentrated on a careful study of ethnic groups within the country. He rejected some aspects of evolutionism as applied to sociology.Шаблон:Sfn In this, he was out of step with Soviet ethnography, which followed the research line of evolutionism.Шаблон:Sfn Maksimov attended a major gathering of ethnologists in Moscow between 28 December 1909 and 6 January 1910, the largest such meeting in the Russian Empire, where he was a keynote speaker.Шаблон:Sfn Maksimov argued against evolutionism, going against the views of most of the leading ethnologists present. Although not a field researcher himself, he was suspicious of theoretical generalizations and praised careful, focused studies of specific institutions and peoples in the field.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1926 Maksimov was a consultant to the Council of Nationalities of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, involved in a debate over how to determine which narodnost, or ethnic group, people belonged to in a forthcoming census. A census taker would interview the respondent, but what if the census taker did not believe the respondent's answer?Шаблон:Sfn Maksimov favored accepting the respondent's answer, and changing the question to say "what narodnost do you consider that you belong to?"Шаблон:Sfn He felt that this would allow for cases where people had changed their ethnic identification, rather than forcing an identification based on past history.Шаблон:Sfn Sergei Aleksandrovich Tokarev was a follower of Maksimov, who believed that an ethnologist should not restrict himself to "primitive" people, but should study people at all stages of development.Шаблон:Sfn
Bibliography
References
Citations Шаблон:Reflist Sources Шаблон:Refbegin
- Английская Википедия
- 1872 births
- 1941 deaths
- Ethnographers from the Russian Empire
- Soviet ethnographers
- People from Oryol
- Academic staff of Moscow State University
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
