Английская Википедия:Aleksey Zhadov
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person
Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov (Шаблон:Lang-ru), born with the surname "Zhidov" (Шаблон:Lang-ru, 30 March 1901 – 30 November 1977), was a Soviet military officer in the Red Army, who during World War II commanded the 66th Army, later renamed the 5th Guards Army, from the Battle of Stalingrad up till the end of the war. For his leadership of the army, Zhadov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Postwar, Zhadov commanded the Central Group of Forces and was deputy commander of the Soviet Ground Forces.
Early life and prewar military career
Aleksey Zhadov was born on 30 March 1901 in the village of Nikolskoye in what is now Sverdlovsk district of Orel Oblast.Шаблон:Sfn He joined the Red Army in 1919 and fought in the Russian Civil War.Шаблон:Sfn He graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1934, and in 1940 he took command of a cavalry division.Шаблон:Sfn In late May 1941, while serving as the commander of the 21st Turkestan Mountain Cavalry Division in the Central Asian Military District, he was promoted to command the 4th Airborne Corps stationed in Pukhovichi in the Western Special Military District, the military administration of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.Шаблон:Sfn Having primarily served in the Red Army's cavalry branch for 21 years, the promotion to command an airborne unit was a huge leap of responsibility for him.Шаблон:Sfn
German Invasion of Soviet Union in 1941
During the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, Major General Aleksey Zhadov was en route on a train to Moscow from Tashkent in order to join the 4th Airborne Corps,Шаблон:Sfn which was now subordinated to the Soviet Western Front.Шаблон:Sfn When he arrived in Moscow on the morning of 24 June, he expected to hear news that the German attack had been promptly repulsed and the fight taken to German territory, but instead he was informed that the Soviet forces in the border areas were being battered and that communication among units and their lines of command had broken down.Шаблон:Sfn The next day on 25 June, he left on train for Minsk, the capital of Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. On the train, he met Colonel Nikolai Naumenko, who was en route to the headquarters of the Western Front's Air Force.Шаблон:Sfn After a German air raid while the train was in Orsha, further transportation on the railway was cancelled.Шаблон:Sfn He and Naumenko later at night continued in a staff car to Borisov, driving slowly since using headlamps were prohibited.Шаблон:Sfn They often got slowed down by heavy traffic moving in the opposite direction and also had to constantly avoid German air raids.Шаблон:Sfn
On 27 June, the panzer groups of the German Army Group Center reached the outskirts of Minsk.Шаблон:Sfn Zhadov and Naumenko, instead of continuing to Minsk from Borisov, headed southeast to the headquarters of the Western Front located at a forest near Mogilev. On the morning of 28 June, he reported to the commander of the Western Front, General Dmitry Grigoryevich Pavlov, who simply briefed him: "The situation is complex, difficult, and most importantly is unclear."Шаблон:Sfn The forces of the Western Front were being mauled by German forces of Army Group Center in the Battle of Białystok–Minsk.Шаблон:Sfn
Minsk fell to the German panzer groups of Army Group Center on 28 June,Шаблон:Sfn resulting in the encirclement of most of the Western Front's units.Шаблон:Sfn On that same day, Pavlov issued orders for the 214th Airborne Brigade of the 4th Airborne Corps to launch an airborne assault in support of Major General Andrei Grigorevich Nikitin's 20th Mechanized Corps against the supply lines of Colonel General Heinz Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn but there was little information on the condition of 4th Airborne Corps or exactly where it was.Шаблон:Sfn On 27 June, the corps had been ordered by the Western Front headquarters to withdraw to the region of the Berezina River beyond the German encirclement,Шаблон:Sfn therefore Zhadov had to drive down to the area in hopes of finding any personnel from the unit's headquarters.Шаблон:Sfn At first, he couldn't locate his unit, but after a few more trials, he made contact and joined the unit on the night of 29 June.Шаблон:Sfn
In Zhadov's absence, the corps' Chief of Staff Colonel Alexander Fedorovich Kazankin had been commanding the unit, and had started preparations to execute Pavlov's orders of 28 June.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 June, the 214th Airborne Brigade began their attack, but since its paratroopers lacked the aircraft necessary to launch the airborne assault they deployed on trucks.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The brigade failed to link up with the 20th Mechanized Corps, and both forces were easily defeated by the 2nd Panzer Group.Шаблон:Sfn The remnants of the brigade fought on for 3 months in the German rear and in the frontlines alongside other Soviet units.Шаблон:Sfn Throughout the first week of July, the 7th and 8th Airborne Brigades of the 4th Airborne Corps dug-in and defended along the banks of Berezina River.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn But by 7 July, the German 3rd and 4th Panzer Divisions had reached the Dnieper River far to the rear of Zhadov's two airborne brigades, which both still held their positions along the Berezina River.Шаблон:Sfn Therefore, Zhadov's units withdrew towards the Dnieper River to avoid being completely cut off,Шаблон:Sfn and by 13 July have joined up with Soviet forces defending along the river.Шаблон:Sfn In late September, the remnants of the 214th Airborne Brigade were trapped in an encirclement during the Battle of Kiev, but on 24 September 200 survivors escaped the pocket and reached Soviet lines near Lebedyn. On 28 September the survivors reunited with their parent corps at Engel Air Base near Moscow.Шаблон:Sfn
Battle of Moscow
Starting on 2 August 1941, he served as the Chief of Staff of the 3rd Army,Шаблон:Sfn which was commanded by Lieutenant General Vasily Kuznetsov.Шаблон:Sfn He participated in the Battle of Moscow.Шаблон:Sfn
Stalingrad Strategic Defensive
In May 1942 he took command of the 8th Cavalry Corps of the Bryansk Front.Шаблон:Sfn In October 1942 he took command of the 66th Army of the Don Front, which he commanded to the end of the war.Шаблон:Sfn His army took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, during which on 25 November 1942 he changed his surname from "Zhidov" to "Zhadov" on Joseph Stalin's request,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn because the nameШаблон:Efn resembeled the word "Zhyd", what is derogatory term for Jewish people in Russian.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Aleksey Zhadov was in reality ethnically Slav.Шаблон:Sfn Zhadov's 66th Army was renamed the 5th Guards Army for its bravery and tenacity displayed at Stalingrad.Шаблон:Sfn
Battle of Kursk
In April 1943 the 5th Guards Army was subordinated to the Steppe Front,Шаблон:Sfn and later to the Voronezh Front on 8 July during the Battle of Kursk.Шаблон:Sfn The army took part in one of the largest tank battles in military history, the Battle of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk.Шаблон:Sfn On the eve of the tank battle, his army had no tanks and was suffering from a severe shortage of artillery ammunition.Шаблон:Sfn Despite reporting that his army was in no shape to support the Soviet counterattack that resulted in the Battle of Prokhorovka, the failure of the counterattack was blamed on him.Шаблон:Sfn His army went on to perform successfully in Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev in the later phase of the Battle of Kursk, and he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his army's performance in the Battle of Kursk.Шаблон:Sfn
Soviet Offensives of 1944–1945
He participated in the Dnieper–Carpathian, Lvov–Sandomierz, Vistula–Oder and Prague Offensives.Шаблон:Sfn He was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union on 6 April 1945.Шаблон:Sfn
On 25 April 1945, the 58th Guards Rifle Division of Zhadov's 5th Guards Army met the 69th Infantry Division of the United States First Army at the Elbe River, effectively cutting Germany in two.Шаблон:Sfn On 27 April in Torgau on the banks of the Elbe, the formal Handshake of Torgau was commemorated in front of cameras.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 April Zhadov hosted a boisterous victory party for the commanders and officers of the United States First Army and his 5th Guards Army, which included a banquet and carouse. During the party, he presented the First Army's commander, General Courtney Hodges, with the plaque of the 5th Guards Army received from the incumbent Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and Hodges reciprocated by presenting the First Army's flag to him.Шаблон:Sfn
Postwar
After World War II, he served as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces from 1946 to 1949, and as the head of the M. V. Frunze Military Academy from 1950 to 1954.Шаблон:Sfn From 1954 to 1955, he served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Forces,Шаблон:Sfn and from 1956 to 1964 served as First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces.Шаблон:Sfn In September 1964 he became First Deputy Chief Inspector of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union.Шаблон:Sfn He retired from active duty in 1969.Шаблон:Sfn He died on 10 November 1977 and was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. His war memoir, Четыре года войны ("Four years of war"), was published the following year in 1978.Шаблон:Sfn
Awards and decorations
- Soviet Union
- Foreign
References
Notes
Inline citations
Sources
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