Английская Википедия:Alexander I of Macedon

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox royalty Alexander I (Шаблон:Lang-grc; died 454 BC), also known as Alexander the Philhellene (Шаблон:Lang-grc; Шаблон:Lit),[1][2] was kingШаблон:Efn of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 498/497 BC until his death in 454 BC. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Perdiccas II.

Biography

Шаблон:Multiple image Alexander was the only son of Amyntas I and an unknown spouse,Шаблон:Snf whose name was perhaps Eurydice.[3] He had a sister named Gygaea (Шаблон:Lang-el).[4]

According to Herodotus, Alexander married his sister to the Persian general Bubares while a vassal of the Achaemenid Empire as a bribe to cover up his murder of a Persian embassy.[5] However, this story is widely regarded as a fiction invented by Herodotus or, at least, hearsay from his time spent in Macedonia.[6] It is more likely that Amyntas arranged the marriage himself around 510, or that Alexander handled it after his father died.Шаблон:Snf

Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to Achaemenid Persia, dating back to the time of his father, Amyntas I, although Macedon retained a broad scope of autonomy.[7] In 492 BC it was made a fully subordinate part of the Persian Empire by Mardonius' campaign.[6] Alexander acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. In later events, Herodotus several times mentions Alexander as a man who was on Xerxes' side and followed his orders.[6]

From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedon, Herodotus refers to Alexander as hyparchos, meaning viceroy.[6] Despite his cooperation with Persia, Alexander frequently gave supplies and advice to the Greek city states, and warned them of Mardonius' plans before the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. For example, Alexander warned the Greeks in Tempe to leave before the arrival of Xerxes' troops, and notified them of an alternate route into Thessaly through upper Macedonia.[8] After their defeat in Plataea, the Persian army under the command of Artabazus tried to retreat all the way back to Asia Minor. Most of the 43,000 survivors were attacked and killed by the forces of Alexander at the estuary of the Strymon river.Шаблон:Cn Alexander eventually regained Macedonian independence after the end of the Persian Wars.

Файл:Aristides and Alexander 479 BCE.jpg
Aristides, commander of the Athenians, informed by Alexander I that delaying the encounter with the Persians would help further diminish their already low supplies. Battle of Plataea, 479 BC.

Alexander claimed descent from Argive Greeks and Heracles.[9] After a court of Elean hellanodikai determined his claim to be true, he was permitted to participate in the Olympic Games[10][11][12] possibly in 504 BC, a right reserved only for Greeks. He modelled his court after Athens and was a patron of the poets Pindar and Bacchylides, both of whom dedicated poems to Alexander.[13] The earliest reference to an Athenian proxenos, who lived during the time of the Persian wars (c. 490 BC), is that of Alexander I.[14] It was around this point that Alexander was given the epithet "philhellene".[15]Шаблон:Efn

Issue

Alexander and his unnamed spouseШаблон:Snf had at least six children:[16]

Family tree

Modern historians disagree on a number of details concerning the genealogy of the Argead dynasty. Robin Lane Fox, for example, refutes Nicholas Hammond's claim that Ptolemy of Aloros was Amyntas II's son, arguing that Ptolemy was neither his son nor an Argead.[17] Consequently, the chart below does not account for every chronological, genealogical, and dynastic complexity. Instead, it represents one common reconstruction of the early Argeads advanced by historians such as Hammond, Elizabeth D. Carney, and Joseph Roisman.[18][19][20]Шаблон:Snf

Шаблон:Hidden begin Шаблон:Tree list

Шаблон:Center

Шаблон:Tree list/end Шаблон:Hidden end


See also

References

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Wikiquote

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-hou Шаблон:S-roy Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end

Шаблон:MacedonKings Шаблон:Achaemenid rulers Шаблон:Ancient Olympic winners Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Leo van de Pas: Genealogics. 2003
  4. ↑ Herodotus, Book 5: Terpsichore, 21
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ A History of Macedonia. Τom. 2 Review: John Cole
  10. ↑ Malcolm Errington, "A History of Macedonia", University of California Press, 1993, p.4: "Ancient allegations that the Macedonians were non-Greeks all had their origin in Athens at the time of the struggle with Philip II. Then as now, political struggle created the prejudice. The orator Aeschines once even found it necessary, in order to counteract the prejudice vigorously fomented by his opponents, to defend Philip on this issue and describe him at a meeting of the Athenian Popular Assembly as being 'Entirely Greek'. Demosthenes' allegations were lent an appearance of credibility by the fact, apparent to every observer, that the life-style of the Macedonians, being determined by specific geographical and historical conditions, was different from that of a Greek city-state. This alien way of life was, however, common to western Greeks of Epiros, Akarnania and Aitolia, as well as to the Macedonians, and their fundamental Greek nationality was never doubted. Only as a consequence of the political disagreement with Macedonia was the issue raised at all."
  11. ↑ Herodotus 5.22
  12. ↑ Justin-7.2.14
  13. ↑ Thucydides and Pindar: Historical Narrative and the World of Epinikian Poetry Page 180 By Simon Hornblower Шаблон:ISBN
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ Plato, Republic, 5.470e, Xenophon Agesilaus, 7.4 (in Greek)
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ Fox, Robin Lane (2011). "399–369 BC". In Fox, Robin Lane (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Boston: Brill. pp. 231–232.
  18. ↑ Hammond, N. G. L.; Griffith, G. T. (1979). A History of Macedonia Volume II: 550–336 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 176.
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Alexander_I_of_Macedon&oldid=13043501