Английская Википедия:Alexander Stewart (1699–1781)

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Alexander Stewart (1699–1781) was an Irish landowner who grew rich by inheriting a fortune from Robert Cowan, a former governor of Bombay. His son Robert became the 1st Marquess of Londonderry.

Birth and origins

Alexander was born in 1699Шаблон:Sfn or 1700Шаблон:Sfn at Ballylawn Castle,Шаблон:Sfn near Manorcunningham in County Donegal. He was the second son of William Stewart and his wife. His father had his lands consolidated by Charles I under the name of Stewart's Court,Шаблон:Sfn raised a Williamite troop of horse in the run-up to the Siege of DerryШаблон:Sfn and was therefore known as Colonel William Stewart.Шаблон:Sfn

Alexander's grandfather is not known by name, but Alexander was a great-grandson of Charles Stewart, whose father JohnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn was given land at Ballylawn in County Donegal in the plantation of Ulster, built Ballylawn Castle on that land, and held fishing rights in Lough Swilly.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn John Stewart is likely to have been a younger son of the Stewarts of Garlies in Galloway, Scotland.

Alexander's mother, whose first name is unknown, was a daughter of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, near Ramelton, County Donegal.Шаблон:Sfn The Stewart family background was Scots-Irish and Presbyterian.

He appears below as the younger of two brothers:

1. Thomas (died 1740), inherited Ballylawn and pursued a military career but died childless in 1740Шаблон:Sfn
2. Alexander (1699–1781)

Early life

Alexander, as a younger son, went into commerce with an apprenticeship at Belfast and became a successful merchant in the Baltic trade.Шаблон:Sfn He also became an elder in the First Presbyterian Church in Rosemary Street, Belfast.Шаблон:Sfn During his residence in Belfast he became a convinced Whig, in line with the general reformist sentiment of the Presbyterian town.Шаблон:Sfn

Marriage and children

Alexander Stewart married on 30 June 1737 in Dublin a cousin, Mary Cowan,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn daughter of John Cowan, alderman of Londonderry and his wife Anne Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn, and sister of the former Governor of Bombay, Robert Cowan, who had died on 21 February 1737 in London.

Шаблон:Anchor Alexander and Mary had seven children:

1. Anne (1738–1781)Шаблон:Sfn
2. Robert (1739–1821), became the 1st Marquess of LondonderryШаблон:Sfn
3. William (1741–1742)Шаблон:Sfn
4. Francis (born 1742)Шаблон:Sfn
5. John (1744–1762)Шаблон:Sfn
6. Alexander (1746–1831), married Mary Moore, the 3rd daughter of the 1st Marquess of DroghedaШаблон:Sfn
7. Mary (born 1747), died youngШаблон:Sfn

Brother's death and succession

In 1740 his elder brother, Thomas, died and Alexander inherited the Ballylawn estate.

Cowan inheritance

He then acquired the rights to Robert Cowan's substantial estate. Being now rich, Stewart retired from business in 1743, and used the money from the Cowan inheritance to become a substantial landowner in County Down by buying estates at Comber and Newtownards in 1744.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Mount Stewart

Around 1750 Alexander Stewart rebuilt a house called Mount Pleasant on his estate near Newtownards and renamed it Mount Stewart.Шаблон:Sfn In 1780 Stewart commissioned the Temple of the Winds at Mount Stewart from James "Athenian" Stuart. This is an octagonal neo-classical building that was completed by his son Robert after his death.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Mount Stewart08.jpg

The Temple of the Winds at Mount Stewart, commissioned by Alexander Stewart

In 1755 he was left the property of William Bruce (1702–1755), a Dublin bookseller from Killyleagh, which he divided between Bruce's relations.Шаблон:Sfn

In politics

In 1759 the member of the Parliament of Ireland for the city of Londonderry, William Scott, was raised to the bench. Initially William Hamilton was elected to succeed him, but the election was declared void. Alexander Stewart was returned in his place in April 1760, but he was also declared not duly elected. Eventually Hamilton represented the constituency from May 1760 until his death later that year.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and timeline

Stewart died on 2 April 1781 and was succeeded by his eldest son Robert.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Stewart family papers are preserved in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.Шаблон:Sfn

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1699	Born
Шаблон:Age	1714, 1 Aug	Accession of King George I, succeeding Queen AnneШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age	1727, 11 Jun	Accession of King George II, succeeding King George IШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age	1737, 30 Jun	Married Mary Cowan
Шаблон:Age	1743	Bought 60 townlands in County Down
Шаблон:Age	1760, 25 Oct	Accession of King George III, succeeding King George IIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age	1781, 2 Apr	Died

Notes and references

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book – (Snippet view)
• Шаблон:Cite book – The 31st Edition gives Stewarts as ancestors whereas the 99th Edition gives Tempests and Vanes.
• Шаблон:Cite book – Scotland and Ireland
• Шаблон:Cite book – (for timeline)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Short biographies in the biographical notes
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web