Английская Википедия:Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:ForШаблон:Family name hatnoteШаблон:Infobox scientist Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Шаблон:Lang-ru; June 25, 1928 – March 29, 2017[1][2]) was a Soviet, Russian and American[3] theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was the co-recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony James Leggett, for theories about how matter can behave at extremely low temperatures.[3][4][5]

Education and early life

Шаблон:No refs Abrikosov was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, on June 25, 1928, to a couple of physicians: Aleksey Abrikosov and Fani Abrikosova, née Wulf. His mother was Jewish.[6] He graduated from Moscow State University in 1948. From 1948 to 1965, he worked at the Institute for Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. in 1951 for the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas, and then his Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (a "higher doctorate") degree in 1955 for a thesis on quantum electrodynamics at high energies. Abrikosov moved to the US in 1991 and lived there until his death in 2017, in Palo Alto, California. While in the US, Abrikosov was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2000, and in 2001, to be a foreign member of the Royal Society.[7][8]

Career

From 1965 to 1988, he worked at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (USSR Academy of Sciences). He has been a professor at Moscow State University since 1965. In addition, he held tenure at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology from 1972 to 1976, and at the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys from 1976 to 1991. He served as a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1987 to 1991. In 1991, he became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In two works in 1952 and 1957, Abrikosov explained how magnetic flux can penetrate a class of superconductors. This class of materials are called type-II superconductors. The accompanying arrangement of magnetic flux lines is called the Abrikosov vortex lattice.

Together with Lev Gor'kov and Igor Dzyaloshinskii, Abrikosov has written an iconic book on theoretical solid-state physics, which has been used to train physicists in the field for decades.

From 1991 until his retirement, he worked at Argonne National Laboratory in the U.S. state of Illinois. Abrikosov was an Argonne Distinguished Scientist at the Condensed Matter Theory Group in Argonne's Materials Science Division. When he received the Nobel Prize, his research was focused on the origins of magnetoresistance, a property of some materials that change their resistance to electrical flow under the influence of a magnetic field.[9][10][11][12][13]

Honours and awards

Abrikosov was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1966, the Fritz London Memorial Prize in 1972, and the USSR State Prize in 1982. In 1989 he received the Landau Prize from the Academy of Sciences, Russia.Шаблон:Citation needed Two years later, in 1991, Abrikosov was awarded the Sony Corporation's John Bardeen Award. The same year he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[14] He shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was also a member of the Royal Academy of London, a fellow of the American Physical Society, and in 2000 was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Sciences.[15] Other awards include: Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Personal life

Abrikosov was the son of the physicians Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov (1875-1955) and his second wife, Fania Davidovna Woolf (1895—1965). Through his father, Abrikosov was the nephew of the martyred Catholic nun Anna Abrikosova (1882-1936).

His sister was Maria Alekseevna Abrikósova (1929-1998), physician.

He married Svetlana Yuriyevna Bunkova and had 3 children.[3][7]

He died in California on 29 March 2017 at the age of 88.

Books

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 2001-2025 Шаблон:2003 Nobel Prize winners Шаблон:FRS 2001 Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Alexei A. Abrikosov. Autobiography. Nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Prize, 2003
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ A Short Biography of Abrikosov Шаблон:Webarchive, on the website of the Material Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of an Unusual Metal-Insulator Transition in Layered High-Tc Cuprates”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(August 28, 2003) Шаблон:Webarchive.
  10. ↑ Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of High-{Tc} Superconducting Cuprates Based on Experimental Evidence”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(Dec. 10, 1999).
  11. ↑ Abrikosov, A. A. “New Developments in the Theory of HTSC (High Temperature Superconductors)”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research,(Sept. 1994).
  12. ↑ Abrikosov, A. A. "On the magnetic properties of superconductors of the second group", Soviet Physics JETP 5, 1174 (1957) Шаблон:Webarchive, page scans of the original article.
  13. ↑ “Argonne Scientist Wins 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics” McGregor, S., Oct. 7, 2003 Шаблон:Webarchive, press release.
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок nas не указан текст
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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