Английская Википедия:Alexis Heraclides

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Шаблон:Short description Alexis Heraclides (born 1952 in Alexandria, Egypt) is a Greek political scientist and public intellectual. He is the son of ambassador Dimitris Heraclides and dentist Zina Ficardou. From 2004 until 2019 he served as professor of International Relations and conflict resolution at the Panteion University.

He has served as counselor on minorities and human rights in the Greek Foreign Ministry (1983-1997) and was also appointed as the "Alternate Expert of the UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities" in the UN Commission on Human Rights (1990-1992).

Biography

He studied political science and International Relations at Panteion, and at the University of London (M.Sc. at University College, under John W. Burton) and at the University of Kent (Ph.D. under A.J.R. Groom). His main publications cover intervention in secessionist conflicts, secession and self-determination, ethnicity and nationalism, the CSCE, perceptions in foreign policy and specific conflicts mainly from a conflict resolution perspective, such as Kosovo, Southern Sudan, the Kurdish question, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Cyprus problem and the Greek-Turkish conflict. His more recent publications are on humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth century, Just war theory, the Macedonian Question, human rights and the problem of cultural relativism, liberal Islam and human rights, and the history of Greek-Albanian relations.Шаблон:Cn


Political activity

He has written hundreds of articles in Greek dailies and magazines (many of which have been republished in Greek Cypriot and Turkish newspapers) on minority issues, the resolution of the Cyprus problem (via a loose consociational bicommunal federation), the amelioration of Greek-Turkish relations and the comprehensive settlement of the pending Aegean dispute, the settlement of the vexing “Macedonian Question” between Athens and Skopje, and on Greek and Greek-Cypriot nationalism. On these issues he has also participated within various NGOs in Greece and Cyprus ("The Front for Reason Against Nationalism", "Centre of Minority Groups", "Cyprus Academic Dialogue" and others).[1]

In 1997 he was awarded the Abdi Ipekçi Peace and Friendship Prize for his newspaper articles on the resolution of the Greek-Turkish conflict. His repeated criticism of nationalism in Greece and in the Republic of Cyprus have been criticized in both countries.[2]

Views

As counselor on human rights and minorities, he was preoccupied with the Muslim/Turkish minority in Western Thrace and was instrumental in persuading the Greek side to abandon its discrimination towards the minority in question. [3]

In 2004 he strongly supported a "Yes" vote to the Annan Plan, for the resolution of the Cyprus dispute, in which Turkish Cypriots voted "Yes" by majority and Greek Cypriots voted "No" by an overwhelming majority.[4] He has blamed the Greek Cypriot side and especially the Cypriot president Nikos Anastasiadis for the non-resolution of the Cyprus problem.[5]

Regarding the Macedonian dispute, Heraclides said in 2019 that the Prespa agreement was "good" for Greece, but less so for North Macedonia [6]

In 2022, Heraclides gave an interview to the Turkish state-run Anadolu Agency,[7] in which he said regarding the Aegean dispute that Greece should recognize the "rights" and "interests of Turkey in the Aegean Sea.[8] This statement drew criticism from some Greek media, in which he was denounced as a propagandist for Turkish interests.[8][9][10] In another interview he said that Turkey is not "aggressive" towards Greece,[11] and stated that the Turkish casus belli against Greece, which was declared in 1995 by the Turkish parliament that unilateral action over territorial waters by Greece would constitute a reason for war)[12] may be a threat of violence but need not be taken literally.[10][13]

Heraclides has also argued that the mass killings and expulsions of Greeks in 1922, committed by the Kemalist government, was not a genocide and instead ethnic cleansing. For example, he said that the Burning of Smyrna wasn't an act of genocide because "it had been preceded (and caused) by a regular war between the Greek army and Kemal's nationalist forces.[14] Historian Erik Sjöberg explicitly criticized these assertions, stating that: "Heraclides' core argument was problematic, resting as it did in a somewhat misguided assumption of war and genocide as mutually excluding".[14] In 2006, he wrote an article regarding Armenian genocide denial in France, in which he defended it on freedom of expression grounds, and stated that its criminalization was "ahistorical" and was pushed by the "Armenian lobby of France" in order to stop the accession of Turkey to the European Union.[15] Nevertheless, he accepted the Armenian genocide as a fact.[15]


Writings

He has written ten books in English and fifteen in Greek, including:[16]

  • The Self-Determination of Minorities in International Politics (London: Frank Cass, 1991).
  • The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Problèmatique of Peaceful Resolution (Athens: Papazissis, 1991) [in Greek].
  • Security and Co-operation in Europe: The Human Dimension, 1972-1992 (London: Frank Cass, 1993).
  • Helsinki-II and its Aftermath: The Making of the CSCE into an International Organization (London: Pinter, 1993).
  • Greece and the “Threat from the East” (Athens: Polis, 2001) [in Greek], also published in Turkey as Yunanistan ve “Dogu’dan Gelen Tehlike” Turkiye: *Turk-Yunan Iliskilerinde Cikmazlar ve Cozum Yollari (Istanbul: Iletişim, 2002).
  • International Society and the Theories of International Relations: A Critical Survey (Athens: I.Sideris, 2000) [in Greek].
  • The Cyprus Question: Conflict and Resolution (Athens: I. Sideris, 2002) [in Greek].
  • The Cyprus Problem, 1947-2004: From Union to Partition? (Athens: I.Sideris, 2006) [in Greek].
  • Irreconcilable Νeighbors: Greece-Turkey. The Aegean Dispute (Athens: I.Sideris, 2007) [in Greek].
  • The Greek-Turkish Conflict in the Aegean: Imagined Enemies (Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2010).
  • The Evolution of International Society (Athens: I.Sideris, 2012) [in Greek].
  • with Ada Dialla, Humanitarian Intervention in the Long Nineteenth Century: Setting the Precedent (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015).
  • National Issues and Ethnocentrism: A Critique of Greek Foreign Policy (Athens: I. Sideris, 2018) [in Greek].
  • The Macedonian Question 1878-1918: From National Claims to Conflicting National Identities (Athens: Themelio, 2018) [in Greek].
  • editor with Gizem Alioğlu Çakmak, Greece and Turkey in Conflict and Cooperation: From Europeanization to De-Europenalization (Abingdon: Routledge, 2019).
  • Just War and Humanitarian Intervention: A History in the International Ethics of War (Athens: I.Sideris, 2020).
  • The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History (Abingdon: Routledge, 2021).
  • with Ylli Kromidha, Greek-Albanian Entanglements since the Nineteenth Century: A History (Abingdon: Routledge, 2023).

Contributions

His main political contributions to date are with regard to intervention in secessionist conflicts,[17] the reasons for separatism,[18] secession and self-determination,[19] human rights norm-setting in the CSCE process,[20] the Cyprus problem,[21] the Greek-Turkish conflict in the Aegean [22] and the history of humanitarian intervention.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
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Разное

  1. ↑ G. Bertrand, Le conflit helléno-turc: la confrontation des deux nationalismes à l’aube du XXIe siècle (2003), p.286. L. Karakatsanis, Turkish-Greek Relations: Rapprochement, Civil Society and the Politics of Friendship (2014), 101, 239, 242.
  2. ↑ Greek Helsinki Monitor, press release, 2 May 2009. See e.g. the attack in To Proto Thema (Greek Sunday newspaper) 29 March 2009, 5 April 2009, 12 April 2009, and Eleftherotypia (Greek newspaper) 25 April 2009. The attacks are also referred in Radikal (Turkish newspaper) 30 March 2009 and 28 June 2009.
  3. ↑ T. Kostopoulos, The Forbidden Language: State Repression of the Slavic Dialects in Greek Macedonia (2000) [in Greek], pp.334-6.T. Michas, Unholy Alliance: Greece and Milosevic's Serbia (2002), pp.36, 127, 146, 156. D. Anagnostou, “Deepening Democracy or Defending the Nation? The Europeanization of Minority Rights and Greek Citizenship”, in K. Featherstone (ed.), Politics and Policy in Greece: The Challenge of Modernization (2005), p.134.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Αλέξης Ηρακλείδης, Εθνικά θέματα και εθνοκεντρισμός. Μία κριτική στην ελληνική εξωτερική πολιτική, Ι. Σιδέρης, Αθήνα 2018, σελ. 57-64.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Panteion University, library catalogue. LSE library catalogue. Princeton University library catalogue.
  17. ↑ D.Carment, P.James and Z.Taydas, Who Intervenes? Ethnic Conflict and Interstate Crisis (2006), pp.2, 13-14, 110, 218; R.Taras and R.Ganguly, Understanding Ethnic Conflicts: The International Dimension (2002), pp.10, 15-16, 18-19, 22, 41, 44, 46-8, 51-4, 58, 60, 63-64, 66, 73-4, 77, 79-82; L. Belanger et al., “Foreign Interventions and Secessionist Movements: The Democratic Factor”, Canadian Journal of Political Science (2005), pp.435, p.439, 457.
  18. ↑ T.R. Gurr and B. Harff, Ethnic Conflict in World Politics (1994), pp.140-1, 178-80; Taras and Ganguly, op.cit.
  19. ↑ G. Welhengama, Minorities' Claims: Autonomy and Secession (2009), pp.237, 242-3, 245; B. Coppieters & R. Sakwa (eds), Contextualizing Secession: Normative Studies in a Comparative Perspective (2003), pp.231, 237-51; L. Bishai, Forgetting Ourselves: Secession and the (Im)possibility of Territorial Identity (2004), pp.46-7, 54.
  20. ↑ V-Y. Ghebali, L'OSCE dans l'Europe post-communiste, 1990-1996 (1996), pp. 37, 40, 49, 72, 100, 133, 145, 449, 451-2, 454, 457-8, 464. E. Adler, Communitarian International Relations (2005), pp.204, 311-12, 315. A. Wenger and V. Mastny, Origins of the European Security System: The Helsinki Process Revisited, 1965-1975 (2008), 195.
  21. ↑ N.Loizides, “Ethnic Nationalism and Adaptation in Cyprus”, International Studies Perspectives, 8, 2 (2007), p.187. P. Polyviou, The Diplomacy of the Invasion (2010) [in Greek], p.218; Y. Papadakis, Echoes from the Dead Zone: Across the Cyprus Divide (2005), p.256.
  22. ↑ T. Bahcheli, in South-East European and Black Sea Studies, 11,2 (2011), pp.211-13 and in Turkish Studies, 13, 2 (2012), pp.269-71; E. Athanassopoulou, in Nations and Nationalism, 17, 4 (2011), pp.872-3; I.D. Stefanidis, in Diplomacy & Statecraft, 22,4 (2011), pp.768-70.
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