Английская Википедия:Alfons Mieczysław Chrostowski
Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Alfons Mieczysław Chrostowski (Шаблон:Circa),[1] also Mieczysław Alfons Chrostowski, was a Polish author, playwright, and editor of Polish language newspapers in the United States.[2] He is known for Шаблон:Lang, a Polish language play.[3] Karen Majewski wrote, in Traitors and True Poles, that Chrostowski is an exemplar of an alternative Polish collective identity based on social class in preference to ethnic group or nationality.[1]
Biography
Chrostowski was born in Russian Poland of a noble Polish Family.[4]Шаблон:Rp
He was a self-proclaimed active member of the Russian Nihilist movement.[5] He was educated in Moscow, where he was involved in revolutionary circles and joined the Black Hand Society.[1][4]Шаблон:Rp He was wounded in an attack on a government newspaper office which resulted in his expulsion under a police guard.[1][4]Шаблон:Rp He was sent back home by the government. He escaped or emigrated to the United States before 1887.[1][4]Шаблон:Rp
He was a member of Ognisko, a New York group of immigrant radical leftist journalists and social activists.[1]Шаблон:Efn
"While he played a role in the establishment of Immaculate Heart of Mary Church," Charles Kaczynski wrote, in Polish American Studies, that "Chrostowski became a pivotal character in the establishment of the American Catholic Church."[4]Шаблон:Rp In 1894, a national convention of seceding Polish Roman Catholics, according to The New York Times, organized "a new church society, under the adopted name of American Catholic Church" in which "the separate churches comprising the society are to control and possess their own property" and feature "free seats and parochial schools".[6] During the convention, Archbishop Joseph René Vilatte "was appointed the ecclesiastical head of the new church" but he was "to be without arbitrary powers" and subordinate bishops would be elected.[6] Chrostowski proposed a motion "that all allegiance to the Pope of Rome be renounced, but after a warm discussion this motion was not carried."[6] After announcing plans to hold its second convention,Шаблон:Efn according to Kaczynski, "the American Catholic Church seemingly disappeared from the historical record."[4]Шаблон:Rp
Majewski wrote that "all traces of him seem to disappear within Polonia by early 1900s";[1] except, in 1915, he was arrested "on a warrant charging him with being deranged" based on letters he wrote to President Woodrow Wilson and his Cabinet and was held for observation at Bellevue Hospital Center,[7] and according to Majewski, he is listed in 1920 United States Census as a 48-year-old playwright.[1]
Works or publications
Шаблон:Lang
His play Шаблон:Lang (Nihilists) was performed by workers' theater groups in the United States and banned in New York City at insistence of Russian consul.[1]
It about the Pervomartovtsy, members of the Russian left-wing terrorist organization Narodnaya Volya, and their successful assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia with a bomb on March 13, 1881.[5] According to Karol Estreicher, the play was banned because of rumors that a "live dynamite bomb was supposed to be set off".[8]
Nihilists, his 1894 English translation of Шаблон:Lang, was dedicated to Vilatte.[5]
Other creative works
Chrostowski wrote other revolutionary works that were published anonymously in European periodicals, according to Majewski.[1]
Newspapers
Chrostowski was editor of the following Polish language newspapers:
- Шаблон:Cite news[1][2]
- Шаблон:Cite news[1][2]
- Шаблон:Cite news[1][2]
- Шаблон:Cite news[1][2]
- Шаблон:Cite news[1]
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news Reprint translated with an introduction: Шаблон:Cite journal
