Английская Википедия:Alfred Heaver

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Alfred Heaver (10 February 1841 - 8 August 1901) was an English carpenter turned builder and property developer, responsible for the construction of a number of housing estates amounting to thousands of homes in south London, including the Heaver Estate in Balham. He was murdered in 1901 by a relative who nursed a grudge against him.

The Survey of London dubs him "the big-scale yet shadowy South London developer-builder".Шаблон:Sfn Bailey specifies that the source of capital for his entrée into large-scale estate development is unclear.Шаблон:Sfn Sources provide conflicting information on a number of aspects of his life and work; notably the number of houses developed under his direction; his place of birth; and the value of his estate.

Biography

Файл:St John's Road SW11 - geograph.org.uk - 183844.jpg

St John's Road in Clapham Junction, developed in the 1880s by Alfred Heaver.Шаблон:Sfn

Alfred Heaver was born on 10 February 1841 in LambethШаблон:Sfn or Camberwell,Шаблон:Sfn the fourth child of George Heaver, a carpenter. At the time of the 6 June 1841 census, the Heaver family is recorded as living at 10 George Street, Camberwell.Шаблон:Sfn He followed his father into trade as a carpenter, a fact recorded on the certificate of his marriage to Isabella Luetchford when aged 21.Шаблон:Sfn

He started his property development career in 1869 in partnership with Edward Coates, with whom he worked for the remainder of his life. The pair bought five plots on the Conservative Land Society's (CLS) Bolingbroke Park Estate. The CLS, at the time, developed estates in more isolated areas of Battersea where land-prices were low, and offered easy purchase terms of 10% down and monthly or quarterly payments; their main focus was on increasing the number of voters at a time that the franchise depended upon property ownership. Heaver and Coates immediately mortgaged three of the plots, and built properties on the other two, on Bennerley Road (at the time called Beverley Road). The possibility is that they overstretched in this first venture, as they are recorded in March 1871 as living at 2 and 3 Salcott Road - again, properties they had built - in bankruptcy proceedings at the country court of Surrey in Croydon.

Isabella died in June 1874, and in July 1875, Heaver married her sister Patience. Both were daughters of a baker from Tulse Hill and unlikely to have been a source of Heaver's property development capital.Шаблон:Sfn

Up to 1878, the Heaver and Coates continued as one of the very many teams of low-volume builders in Battersea, responsible for about 40 constructions in an eight-year period. However a step-change took place in 1878, when Heaver purchased a Шаблон:Convert site to the east of the Bolingbroke Park Estate, on which extensions to Belleville and Wakehurst Roads were constructed, and plots for 70 properties laid out. The site vendor was the CLS, at a price estimated to be around £2,000; it is not known how Heaver managed to finance this purchase, nor the £700-£1,000 cost of laying down the roads and their utilities. Nor is it clear, from the estimated returns from the Belleville venture, how he managed to finance the huge outlay involved in his next venture, the Falcon Estate of more than 500 houses. Bailey speculates, based on road-naming evidence, that Heaver may have been assisted by John Ashdown, Secretary of and surveyor for the CLS, and by Joseph Hiscox, a building contractor.Шаблон:Sfn

In the period in which much of south London's terraced housing was laid down, he was the developer of housing estates of varying sizes in Battersea, Wandsworth, Tooting and Balham, as well as Fulham, north of the river Thames.Шаблон:Sfn He was, according to a number of contemporary sources, responsible for 4,419 houses constructed in Clapham Junction. However Bailey lists his involvement in a total of 4,023 houses, including those in Balham, Tooting and Fulham; of which 1,157 were in Battersea; albeit Bailey's count includes constructions in the 1878-1898 period only.Шаблон:Sfn Heaver's modus operandi appears to have been to purchase the freehold of under-developed properties on the frontier of urban development; in Battersea, often the very large gardens of villas built in a previous era. In conjunction with his surveyor, W. C. Poole, a ground-plan was laid out and architectural specifications drawn up for the houses to be built. Building construction was divided between a number of building contractors working to Heaver's specifications and in some cases constrained to purchase building materials from him. Heaver let building plots on 99-year leases, allowing builders to finance construction on their own account.Шаблон:Sfn

Patience died in 1887, and in December 1888, Heaver married Fanny Tutt.Шаблон:Sfn He is recorded as living at Brixton Hill until 1889, when he moved into Streatham Elms, a mansion in Balham, with family and eight servants. There he began work on what, in his advertising, he termed the Heaver Estate, in 1890. The estate borders the north-west of Tooting Commons, and comprises Ritherdon Road and 10 streets to the south of it, on which Heaver laid out and contracted with building companies to construct more than 1,000 terraced houses in the Queen Anne style.Шаблон:Sfn

Some time around 1896 Heaver and family took possession of a summer property in Westcott near Dorking where on 4 August 1901, whilst walking to church with his wife, he was shot twice, in the back and the head, by his brother-in-law James Young. Young, who had a grievance against Heaver, shot himself and died within the hour. Heaver lingered on for four days before dying on 8 August at Holcombe Cottage, Westcott.Шаблон:Sfn The Economist, listing him as late of Oak Lodge, Tooting, reports that he left an estate of £389,833 (equivalent to circa £45 million in 2017 currency). Bailey, citing the Wandsworth Borough News, reports the value to have been above £625,000 (£72m in 2017).Шаблон:Sfn

Heaver developments

This list of Heaver developments is incomplete.

Name	Image	Location	Initiated	Completed	Notes	Roads bounding the development () = included in the development	Roads within the estate	Number of housesШаблон:Sfn
Belleville Road Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1878		Extension of two roads on the Conservative Land Society Bolingbroke Estate; land, road-building and utility provision is estimated to have cost circa £3,000 against ground-rents yielding £420paШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Flatlist	Шаблон:Flatlist	70
Falcon Park Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1879	1881	Street names in the estate reflect the then recent Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80) and the Anglo-Zulu War (1879)	Шаблон:Flatlist	Шаблон:Flatlist	587
Fulham Park		Fulham	1880					405
Heaver Park Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1881		Heaver bought a Шаблон:Convert site to the east of the CLS Bolingbroke Estate, but sold his interests before development started; the estate was taken forward as Chatto's or the West Side Estate and comprised Leathwaite Road and its side-roads to the west.Шаблон:Sfn			0
Dives Estate aka Lavender Sweep Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1881	1883	Informal name derived from Thomas Dives, last tenant of a villa on a site now occupied by the Welsh Chapel.Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Flatlist	Шаблон:Flatlist	145
Rose Park		Tooting	1883					192
Trinity Road		Tooting	1884					103
Shrubbery Estate Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1885	1888	North–south road linking Lavender Hill with Battersea Rise, through what had been the gardens of a villa called The ShrubberyШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Flatlist		52
St John's Park Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1885	1888	Opposite and south of Clapham Junction railway station	Шаблон:Flatlist	Шаблон:Flatlist	225
Chestnuts Шаблон:Coord		Battersea	1887	1887	Diagonally opposite the St John's Park estate, the location, adjacent to Battersea's new shopping area, enabled Heaver to command a premiumШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Flatlist	Шаблон:Flatlist	78
Hyde Park		Fulham	1887					388
Heaver Estate Шаблон:Coord		Balham	1888	1910	~1,000 houses between Ritherdon Road and Tooting Common	Шаблон:Flatlist	Шаблон:Flatlist	1,262
Hoyle Road		Tooting	1895					253
Totterdown		Tooting	1897					263

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite thesis
• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book