Английская Википедия:Algodoal-Maiandeua Environmental Protection Area

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Шаблон:Infobox protected area The Algodoal-Maiandeua Environmental Protection Area (Шаблон:Lang-pt) is an environmental protection area in the state of Pará, Brazil. It protects two coastal islands with beaches, dunes, mangroves and wetlands that are home to fishing people and are popular with tourists.

Location

Файл:Belem NE conservation units.svg

Conservation units northeast of Belém
11. Algodoal-Maiandeua APA

The Algodoal-Maiandeua Environmental Protection Area is in the municipality of Maracanã, Pará.Шаблон:Sfn It is on the northeast coast of Pará in the Salgado microregion. The Atlantic Ocean is to the north and the Mocooca channel to the south. The Maracanã River estuary is to the east and the Marapanim River estuary to the west.Шаблон:Sfn The APA is bounded to the south by the Maracanã Marine Extractive Reserve. The Mestre Lucindo Marine Extractive Reserve is opposite the APA to the west.Шаблон:Sfn

The APA has an area of about Шаблон:Convert and consists of two islands separated by an intermittent tidal channel called the Furo Velho. Algodoal Island has Шаблон:Convert and contains Algodoal village, Princesa Beach, Farol Beach and areas of mangroves, restingas and dunes.Шаблон:Sfn The island and the largest village are named "Algodoal" after a native plant, the algodão de seda.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn Maiandeua island has Шаблон:Convert and holds the villages of Fortalezinha, Mocooca and Camboinha, the localities of Camaleão, Passagem and Pedra Chorona, and beaches, mangroves and terra firme areas with vegetation.Шаблон:Sfn The villages are separated by areas of mangroves and tidal channels.Шаблон:Sfn

The village of Algodoal can be reached by boat from the port of Marudá, a journey of about 40 minutes depending on the tide. A boat from the municipality of Maracanã can cross the Mocooca channel to the village of Mocooca in 5 minutes.Шаблон:Sfn

History

Fishermen from whom the present inhabitants are descended seem to have first moved to the island of Algodoal in the 1920s.Шаблон:Sfn The Algodoal-Maiandeua Environmental Protection Area was created by law 5.621 of 27 November 1990, covering the islands of Algodoal with Шаблон:Convert and Maiandeua with Шаблон:Convert, making a total of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

The management council was created by decree 291 of 6 June 2006. On 1 June 2007 regulations were passed that prohibited use of motor vehicles in the APA. Preparation of a management plan was approved on 21 September 2011. The management plan was published on 31 December 2012, although it was not made official through an ordinance.Шаблон:Sfn

Environment

The APA is in the Amazon biome.Шаблон:Sfn The climate is hot and humid, with average annual temperature of Шаблон:Convert, and average monthly temperatures ranging from Шаблон:Convert. There is most rain from January to March, and a dry season from September to December. The island has beaches, mangroves, freshwater lakes, dunes and streams. Vegetation is typical of restinga, with great variety of species. The mangroves act as nurseries for fish, mussels, shrimps, oysters, turtles, crabs and other marine species. In the dunes and surroundings there are typical fruits such as ajuru, cashew, coconut, murucí, carambola and mango.Шаблон:Sfn

Common bird species include guará, garça, pavão, socó, taquerê, gavião caranguejeiro, caracaraí, cebinho do mangue, yellow-crowned night heron, Platalea ajaja, garganey, parrots, collared plover, sanderling, Hudsonian whimbrel and ruddy turnstone. Common fish include pescada amarela, xaréu, tainha, anchova, corvina, gó, cação, mero, Aspistor luniscutis, dourada, pratiqueira, serra and robalo. Molluscs and crustaceans include oysters, mussels, turu, sururu, shrimp and crabs. Other fauna include sloths, quatis, anteaters, foxes, gatos maracajá, chameleons, mucuras, various species of monkey, racoons, alligators, jabutis and tartarugas.Шаблон:Sfn

Tourism

The island receives large numbers of tourists, including Brazilian and foreign visitors, who stay in inns and hotels. The residents organize tours and fishing trips.Шаблон:Sfn The APA has high tourism potential due to its scenic beauty and variety of ecosystems, beaches, dunes, cliffs, mangroves and trails linking the villages. They villagers sell local handicrafts produced from the regional flora, and practice traditional ways of making cassava flour, music, the carimbó praiano dance, local cooking and artisanal fishing.Шаблон:Sfn

Sources

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Further reading

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• Kaufmann, Götz. 2012. “Environmental Inequality Patterns on the Island of Algodoal-Maiandeua. A Q Methodological Case Study.” In Geographies of Inequality in Latin America, eds. Geographischen Institut der Universität Kiel, Rainer Wehrhahn, and Verena Sandner Le Gall. Kiel, 263–96.
• Kaufmann, Götz. 2013. Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development. With a Case Study in Brazil’s Amazon Using Q Methodology. 3rd ed. Saarbrücken: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften. download for free on: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/discover?filtertype_0=mycoreId&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_0=FUDISS_thesis_000000038744
• Kaufmann, Götz. 2014. “Seeking Environmental Injustice with Help of Q Methodology on APA Algodoal-Maiandeua.” Environmental Justice 7(3).
• Kaufmann, Götz. 2003. “Wandel Durch Annäherung. Die Monetäre Strukturrevolution Im Zeitalter Der Globalisierung Am Beispiel von Ilha de Algodoal / Maiandeua.” (in German). Diplomarbeit, Freie Universität Berlin. http://edocs.fu-berlin.de/docs/receive/FUDOCS_document_000000012784.