Английская Википедия:Ali in hadith literature

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Hadith Ali in hadith literature collects some of the statements about Ali ibn Abi Tlib, attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, also recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph in Sunni Islam and the first imam in Shia Islam. The two men enjoyed a close relationship, for Ali was raised in Muhammad's household as a child and a young Ali later played a pivotal role in the formative years of Islam. The most controversial such prophetic saying (hadith) was delivered at the Ghadir Khumm in 632 CE and gave Ali the same spiritual authority (Шаблон:Transl) as Muhammad, according to the Shia.Шаблон:Sfn

Prophetic statements about Ali

Hadith of the Шаблон:Transl

Файл:Investiture of Ali Edinburgh codex.jpg
Artwork depicting the Ghadir Khumm, where Muhammad uttered the statement, "He whose Шаблон:Transl I am, Ali is his Шаблон:Transl."

Шаблон:Main articles Muhammad's statement at the Ghadir Khumm, "He whose Шаблон:Transl I am, Ali is his Шаблон:Transl," is known as the hadith of the Шаблон:Transl in Shia Islam.Шаблон:Sfn Delivered to a large crowd of pilgrims,Шаблон:Sfn shortly after the Farewell Pilgrimage and shortly before his death in 632 CE, the attribution of this statement to Muhammad is rarely contested, even though its interpretation is a source of controversy.Шаблон:Sfn

In this context, Shia sources interpret the word Шаблон:Transl as meaning 'leader', 'master', and 'patron',Шаблон:Sfn while Sunni accounts often interpret the hadith as a statement of love or support.Шаблон:Sfn Shias therefore view the Ghadir Khumm as the investiture of Ali with Muhammad's religious and political authority (Шаблон:Transl),Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn while Sunnis regard the event as an indication of the rapport between the two men,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn or that Ali should execute Muhammad's will.Шаблон:Sfn Shias point to the extraordinary nature of the announcement,Шаблон:Sfn offer Quranic and textual evidence,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and argue by means of eliminating the other meanings of Шаблон:Transliteration in the hadith except for authority,Шаблон:Sfn while Sunnis minimize the importance of the Ghadir Khumm by casting it as a simple response to earlier complaints about Ali.Шаблон:Sfn

Hadith of the position

Шаблон:Main article

Reported by canonical Sunni and Shia sources,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn the hadith of the position reads, "Are you not content, Ali, to stand to me [Muhammad] as Aaron stood to Moses, except that there will be no prophet after me?"Шаблон:Sfn In Shia Islam, this hadith is invoked to prove Ali's usurped right to succeed Muhammad.Шаблон:Sfn In Sunni Islam, the hadith primarily supports the belief in the finality of Muhammad in the chain of prophets.Шаблон:Sfn In turn, Sunni scholars consider the hadith of the position irrelevant to Muhammad's succession because Aaron died before Moses,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn while Shia authors counter that had Aaron survived Moses, the former would have indeed succeeded the latter.Шаблон:Sfn Alternatively, some Sunni scholars have limited the scope of the hadith of the position to imply only the temporary deputyship, while the Shia counterargument is that this interpretation would have made redundant Muhammad's exclusion of Ali from prophethood.Шаблон:Sfn

Hadith of the warning

Шаблон:Main article

The hadith of the warning describes how Muhammad made his prophetic mission public circa 617, often in connection to verse 26:214 of the Quran,Шаблон:Sfn "And warn your nearest relations."Шаблон:Sfn In one version of this hadith, Muhammad invites his close relatives to Islam after a meal and seeks their assistance and deputyship. Among them, his young cousin Ali is the only one who offers his help to Muhammad, who then announces him as his heir and successor.Шаблон:Sfn Among others, such reports are presented by the Shia-leaning historian Ibn Ishaq (Шаблон:Died in) and the Sunni scholars al-Tabari (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn Abu al-Fida (Шаблон:Died in), and Ibn Kathir (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn

Hadith of the twelve successors

Файл:ShiaImamsNames (cropped).jpg
Names of Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, and the Twelve Imams, inscribed on the tilework of the shrine of Ali al-Rida, the eighth of the Twelve Imams, located in Mashhad, Iran

Шаблон:Main article The hadith of the twelve successors is a widely-reported prophecy, attributed to Muhammad, predicting that there would be twelve successors after him. As there were many more rulers after Muhammad, Sunni authors have variously identified these twelve successors with some of these rulers.Шаблон:Sfn In Twelver Shia, these successors are instead identified with their Twelve Imams.Шаблон:Sfn Their last imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, also known as al-Qa'im (Шаблон:Lit),Шаблон:Sfn is believed to miraculously remain in occultation since 874, and is expected to return in the end of times to eradicate injustice and evil.Шаблон:Sfn Indeed, some Shia versions of this hadith explicitly identify the first successor as Ali and the last successor as Muhammad al-Mahdi. One such version is related on the authority of Muhammad's cousin Ibn Abbas (Шаблон:Died in), "I [Muhammad] am the master of the prophets and Ali is the master of my trustees, of whom there will be twelve; the first one is Ali, and the last is al-Qa'im."Шаблон:Sfn

Hadith of the ark

Шаблон:Main articles The hadith of the ark is attributed to Muhammad and likens his family, the Ahl al-Bayt, to Noah's ark. Reported by both Shia and Sunni authorities, the version presented in the Sunni collection Шаблон:Transl reads,Шаблон:Sfn "Truly the people of my house (Шаблон:Transl) in my community is like Noah's ark: Whoever takes refuge therein is saved and whoever opposes it is drowned."Шаблон:Sfn This hadith is of particular significance in Shia Islam, where the Ahl al-Bayt are viewed as the spiritual and political successors of Muhammad.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Hadith of the Шаблон:Transl

Шаблон:Main article The hadith of the Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lit) is a widely-reported prophetic statement that introduces the Quran and the progeny of Muhammad as the only two sources of divine guidance after his death.Шаблон:Sfn This hadith is central to Twelver Shia, where their line of Twelve Imams, starting with Ali, are viewed as the spiritual and political successors of Muhammad.Шаблон:Sfn The version that appears in Шаблон:Transl, a canonical Sunni source, reads,Шаблон:Blockquote

Hadith of the Шаблон:Transl

Файл:آیه تطهیر.jpg
Verse of purification, inscribed in the shrine of Husayn, located in Karbala, Iraq

Шаблон:Main articles At least on one occasion, Muhammad is said to have gathered Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn under his cloak,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and then prayed, "O God, these are my Шаблон:Transliteration and my closest family members; remove defilement from them and purify them completely," where this last statement is a reference to verse 33:33 of the Quran,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn known also as the verse of purification.Шаблон:Sfn The verse contains the passage, "God only desires to remove defilement from you, O Шаблон:Transliteration, and to purify you completely."Шаблон:Sfn These five have thus become known as the Ahl al-Kisa (Шаблон:Lit).Шаблон:Sfn The verse of purification is thus regarded in Shia Islam as evidence of the infallibility of the Ahl al-Kisa.Шаблон:Sfn Variants of this tradition can be found in Шаблон:Transl,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Transl, and Шаблон:Transl,Шаблон:Sfn all canonical sources in Sunni Islam.

Others

There exist numerous other prophetic statements in favor of Ali in Sunni and Shia sources, more so than for any other companion, according to the Sunni scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn Some of these sayings are listed below.

See also

Шаблон:Columns-list

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Ali_in_hadith_literature&oldid=13062358