Английская Википедия:Alice Prin

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Файл:Gwozdecki - Kiki de Montparnasse, 1920.jpg
Alice Prin (Kiki), c. 1920, painted by Gustaw Gwozdecki (1880–1935)
Файл:Le Violon d'Ingres.png
Le Violon d'Ingres, a photo by Man Ray, shows Kiki from the back, nude to below her waist, with two f-holes painted on to make her body resemble a violin.Шаблон:Sfn

Alice Ernestine Prin (2 October 1901 – 29 April 1953), nicknamed the Queen of Montparnasse and often known as Kiki de Montparnasse, was a French model, chanteuse, memoirist and painter during the Jazz Age.Шаблон:Sfn She flourished in, and helped define, the liberated culture of Paris in the so-called Années folles ("crazy years" in French). She became one of the most famous models of the 20th century and in the history of avant-garde art.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Early life

Born as an illegitimate child in Châtillon-sur-Seine, Côte d'Or, Alice Prin had "a wretched childhood that could only lead to laughter or despair".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She was raised in abject poverty by her grandmother.Шаблон:Sfn At age twelve, she was sent by train to live with her mother, a linotypist, in Paris in order to help earn an income for her family.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Harsh, degrading jobs followed, and she worked in printing shops, shoe factories and bakeries.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During this time, she began her lifelong joy of decorating herself.Шаблон:Sfn She "would crumble a petal from her mother's fake geraniums to give color to her cheeks and was fired from a nasty job at a bakery because she darkened her eyebrows with burnt matchsticks".Шаблон:Sfn

By the age of fourteen, Prin's "large and splendid body" had garnered the artistic and sexual attention of various Parisian denizens,Шаблон:Sfn and she began surreptitiously posing nude for sculptors.Шаблон:Sfn "It bothered me a little to take off my clothes," Prin wrote her in her memoirs, but "it was the custom".Шаблон:Sfn Her decision to become a nude model created discord with her mother.Шаблон:Sfn One day, her mother unexpectedly intruded into an artist's studio in a rage, denounced Prin as a shameless prostitute, and disowned her forever.Шаблон:Sfn

Now without money or a roof over her head, the teenage Kiki determined to make her living exclusively by posing for artists.Шаблон:Sfn As a beautiful dark-haired girl, she soon found herself in popular demand.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, she had scant pubic hair, and when posing, she occasionally drew fake hair with a piece of charcoal.Шаблон:Sfn As her fame grew, she became a local celebrity who symbolized the Montparnasse quarter's nonconformity and its rejection of the social norms of the Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Sfn

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Modeling career

Adopting a single name, "Kiki", Prin became a fixture of the Montparnasse social scene and a popular model, posing for dozens of artists, including Sanyu, Chaïm Soutine, Julien Mandel, Tsuguharu Foujita, Constant Detré, Francis Picabia, Jean Cocteau, Arno Breker, Alexander Calder, Per Krohg, Hermine David, Pablo Gargallo and Tono Salazar.Шаблон:Sfn Moïse Kisling painted a portrait of Kiki titled Nu assis, one of his best known. In his 1976 book Memoirs of Montparnasse, Canadian poet John Glassco recalled that: Шаблон:Quote

In Autumn 1921, Prin met the American visual artist Man Ray, and the two soon entered into a stormy eight-year relationship.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She lived with Man Ray in his studio on rue Campagne-Première until 1929 during which time he made hundreds of portraits of her.Шаблон:Sfn She became his muse at the time and the subject of some of his best-known images, including the surrealist image Le Violon d'Ingres (Ingres' Violin) and Noire et blanche (Black and White).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

During their turbulent relationship, Man Ray labored obsessively on Prin's makeup and visual image.Шаблон:Sfn He "took her many steps beyond the primitive charcoal eye brow-pencil she used for makeup as a teenager."Шаблон:Sfn Every night before going out together, he "meticulously applied her cosmetics and assisted in the choice of her clothes, creating a visual style that is as much a part of his oeuvre as any of his signed paintings".Шаблон:Sfn Her makeup often varied in "the color, thickness, and angle according to his mood. Her heavy eyelids, next, might be done in copper one day and royal blue another, or else in silver and jade."Шаблон:Sfn

By 1929, Prin had reached the zenith of her fame. She had appeared in nine short and frequently experimental films, including Fernand Léger's 1923 Dadaist work Ballet mécanique without any credit.Шаблон:Sfn A symbol of bohemian and creative Paris and of the possibility of being a woman and finding an artistic place, she was elected the Queen of Montparnasse at age 28. Despite her local fame, she continued to live a hand-to-mouth existence. Even during difficult times, she maintained her positive attitude, saying "all I need is an onion, a bit of bread, and a bottle of red [wine]; and I will always find somebody to offer me that."Шаблон:Sfn

Artwork and autobiography

Файл:Constant Detré (Szilárd Eduard Diettmann), Portrait of Kiki de Montparnasse (Alice Prin).jpg
Constant Detré, Portrait of Kiki de Montparnasse, c. 1920–1925

A painter in her own right, Prin had a sold-out exhibition of her paintings in 1927 at the Galerie au Sacre du Printemps in Paris.Шаблон:Sfn Signing her work with her chosen single name, Kiki, her drawings and paintings comprise portraits, self-portraits, social activities, fanciful animals and dreamy landscapes composed in a light, slightly uneven, expressionist style that is a reflection of her carefree manner and boundless optimism.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1929, she published an autobiography titled Kiki's Memoirs, with Ernest Hemingway and Tsuguharu Foujita providing introductions.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1930, the book was translated by Samuel Putnam and published in Manhattan by Black Manikin Press, but it was immediately banned by the United States government. A copy of the first US edition was held in the section for banned books in the New York Public Library through the 1970s. However, the book had been reprinted under the title The Education of a Young Model throughout the 1950s and 1960s (e.g., a 1954 edition by Bridgehead has the Hemingway Introduction and photos and illustrations by Mahlon Blaine).

These editions were mainly put out by unscrupulous publisher Samuel Roth. Taking advantage that banned books did not receive copyright protection in the U.S., Roth put out a series of supposedly copyrighted editions (which never was registered with the Library of Congress) which altered the text and added illustrations—line drawings and photographs—which were not by Prin. After 1955, Roth appended an extra ten chapters falsely credited to Prin 23 years after the original book, including an invented visit to New York where she met with Roth himself.Шаблон:Sfn None of this was true.Шаблон:Sfn The original autobiography finally saw a new translation and publication in 1996.Шаблон:Sfn

For a few years during the 1930s, Prin owned the Montparnasse cabaret L'Oasis, which was later renamed Chez Kiki.Шаблон:Sfn Her music hall performances in black hose and garters included crowd-pleasing risqué songs, which were uninhibited, yet inoffensive. She later departed Paris to avoid the occupying German army during World War II, which entered the city in June 1940. She did not return to live in the city immediately after the war.

Death and legacy

Prin died at age 51 on 29 April 1953 after collapsing outside her flat in Montparnasse, apparently of complications of alcoholism or drug dependence.Шаблон:Sfn At the time of her death, she weighed Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn A large crowd of artists and admirers attended her Paris funeral and followed the procession to her interment in the Cimetière parisien de Thiais. Her tomb identifies her as: "Kiki, 1901–1953, singer, actress, painter, Queen of Montparnasse".Шаблон:Sfn

Life magazine featured a three-page obituary of Prin in its 29 June 1953 edition, concluding with a memory from one of her friends who said: "We laughed, my God how we laughed."Шаблон:Sfn Tsuguharu Foujita remarked that, with Kiki's death, the glorious days of Montparnasse were buried forever.

Long after her death, Prin remains the embodiment of the outspokenness, audacity and creativity that marked the interwar period of life in Montparnasse. She represents a strong artistic force in her own right as a woman.Шаблон:Sfn In 1989, biographers Billy Klüver and Julie Martin called her "one of the century's first truly independent women".Шаблон:Sfn In her honor, a daylily has been named Kiki de Montparnasse.

On 14 May 2022, Le Violon d'Ingres, which depicts Prin's back overlaid with a violin's f-holes, sold for $12.4 million, setting a record as the most expensive photograph ever sold at auction.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Gallery

Filmography

Kiki's Memoirs

  • Шаблон:Cite web
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  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Kiki's Memoirs (1996) translation by Samuel Putnam (original ed. published by J. Corti, Paris) Шаблон:Cite book
  • Souvenirs, introduction by Ernest Hemingway and Tsuguharu Foujita, foreward and notes by Billy Klüver and Julie Martin, translation by Dominique Lablanche, Hazan, 1999.
  • Souvenirs retrouvés, preface by Serge Plantureux, José Corti, 2005.
  • Kiki's Memoirs (2009) [Recuerdos recobrados] translation by José Pazó Espinosa (in Spanish – published by Nocturna)
  • Kiki Souvenirs, 1929 (2005) translation by N. Semoniff (in Russian – published by Salamandra P.V.V., 2011)
  • Kiki's Memoirs, 1930 (2006) translation by N. Semoniff (in Russian – published by Salamandra P.V.V., 2011)

References

Citations

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Works cited

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Further reading

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External links

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