Английская Википедия:Alice of Dunk's Ferry
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Alice of Dunk's Ferry (Шаблон:Circa–1802) was an African-American slave, toll collector, and centenarian[1] who was "one of Black America's early oral historians".[2]
Early life
Alice was born enslaved around 1686 in Philadelphia to enslaved parents, brought to America from Barbados.[1] She lived in Philadelphia until the age of ten when she was taken to Dunk's Ferry in Bucks County, Pennsylvania,[1] about 17 miles up the Delaware River, where she remained for the rest of her life.[3] For 40 years, she collected tolls to cross the river,[4] working for a master named as Samuel Carpenter, a friend of William Penn's.[5][1]
Oral historian
Alice became known as "Alice of Dunk's Ferry", gaining a reputation as a lively and engaging figure who enjoyed sharing her recollections of her early years.[2] Having seen Philadelphia develop from "an early river settlement to the capital of a new nation", she became a celebrated local historian.[6] Jessie Carney Smith wrote that:Шаблон:BlockquoteThus, Alice became one of America's earliest oral historians and a vibrant source of information for those who had the chance to speak with her.[2] Although, like most enslaved people, she was unable to read or write, she loved to have the Bible read to her,[1] and was respected for having "a great regard for truth".[2] Alice was said to have lit the pipe of William Penn, "founder" of Pennsylvania,[2] and to have made the acquaintance of Thomas Story.[1] In his Eccentric biography; or, Memoirs of remarkable female characters, ancient and modern, Isaiah Thomas (founder of the American Antiquarian Society) wrote that:Шаблон:Blockquote
Latter years and death
Between the ages of 96 and 100, Alice gradually lost her sight but, though blind, remained skilled at catching fish:[2] "she could not be idle".[7] At about the age of 102, her sight returned, improving enough that she could perceive moving objects, though she could not distinguish between people.[7] Thomas reported that "before she died her hair became perfectly white and the last of her teeth dropt sound from her head aged 116 years".[7] She is believed to have been that age when she died, in 1802, at Bristol, Pennsylvania.[2]
In recent years, efforts have been made to tell Alice's story and to acknowledge the legacy of slavery, including by Christ Church, Philadelphia, where she was a lifelong worshipper.[8] Alice was said to have galloped on horseback to Christ Church every Sunday aged 95.[4] Today, a granite monument marks the spot of Dunk's Ferry, one of the first such ferry crossings in the United States.[9] Dr Audrey Henry, a local historical society member, said in 2015 that:Шаблон:BlockquoteShe has also been lauded for her largely ignored entrepreneurial activities, such as establishing fisheries, gathering shad to be packed in salt in barrels and sold in Philadelphia, and to ships leaving on voyages.[5]
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносок:2не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
External links
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
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