Английская Википедия:Allen Mawer

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Sir Allen Mawer, Шаблон:Post-nominals (8 May 1879 − 22 July 1942) was an English philologist. A notable researcher of Viking activity in the British Isles, Mawer is best known as the founder of the English Place-Name Society, and as Provost of University College London from 1929 to 1942.

Early life

Allen Mawer was born at Bow, London, on 8 May 1879. He was born the second child and eldest son of five children, to George Henry Mawer of South Hackney and Clara Isabella Allen. His father was a commercial traveller in fancy trimmings and secretary of the Country Towns' Mission.Шаблон:Sfn

Mawer's parents were of strong religious feeling who valued education. Through them, he acquired an abiding love for literature and history, and early knowledge of Greek and Latin.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Education

Mawer entered Coopers' Company Grammar School at the age of ten, where he won a scholarship at the end of his first term. In 1897 he sat as an external candidate for an Honours Degree in English at London University, obtaining a First Class in his examination.Шаблон:Sfn Mawer entered University College London in 1898 as a graduate, where he was the Morley Medallist.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn At University College London, Professor W. P. Ker had a particularly strong influence on him.Шаблон:Sfn

Mawer entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in October 1901 as a foundation scholar, residing there for three years, obtaining a double mark of distinction in the English sections of the Medieval and Modern Languages Tripos. Supported by a Research Studentship given to him by the college, he spent the next year studying Viking activity in England, in particular the subject of Old Norse place-names.Шаблон:Sfn

Early career

In October 1905, Mawer was appointed Lecturer in English at the University of Sheffield. A few weeks later, after having his thesis on this subject examined by experts, he was elected to a fellowship by Gonville and Caius College,Шаблон:Sfn which he held until 1911.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1908 he was elected to the Joseph Cowen Professorship of Language and Literature in Armstrong College, Newcastle, where he would remain for thirteen years.Шаблон:Sfn During his years at Armstrong College, Mawer continued his research on Viking influence and Old Norse place-names in England. In 1913, he published his celebrated The Vikings, which for many years served as the standard English-language work on Vikings.Шаблон:Sfn By this time, Mawer had become convinced that the place-names of England contained the key to understanding the extent of Scandinavian influence in medieval England.Шаблон:Sfn The same year as his publishing of The Vikings, he also published two papers on Scandinavian place-names in England.Шаблон:Sfn

The year 1920 saw the publishing of his Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham, which was the product of eight years of research.Шаблон:Sfn It established him as one of the major experts in this field of study. In the preface to this work, Mawer laid down his principle that "no single county can be dealt with satisfactorily apart from a survey of the field of English place-nomenclature as a whole".Шаблон:Sfn

Founding the English Place-Name Society

In 1921, Mawer became Baines Professor of the English Language at the University of Liverpool, succeeding Henry Cecil Kennedy Wyld.Шаблон:Sfn The Scandinavian countries had by this time conducted systematic surveys of their place-names, and English scholars were to do the same for their country. By then it had become obvious that Mawer was the right scholar to take the lead. Following a speech made to the British Academy in January 1921, the academy sponsored the creation of the English Place-Name Society, of which Mawer was Honorary Director and Secretary, and the driving force.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Under the leadership of Mawer, the Society began the gigantic undertaking of producing the Survey of English Place-Names. Drawing upon large support from the English public, the Society gained many members and plenty of funds, and its Survey came to be conducted by several scholars, including Eilert Ekwall, Frank Stenton, Percy Hide Reany, Albert Hugh Smith, John Eric Bruce Gover and Mawer himself.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Four of the eight volumes of the Survey produced during Mawer's lifetime were authored by him.Шаблон:Sfn The first volume, Introduction to the Survey of English Place-Names (1924), was written with Stenton, while the second volume, Chief Elements used in English Place-Names (1924), Mawer wrote by himself.Шаблон:Sfn

Mawer was awarded the Biennial Prize for English Studies of the British Academy in 1929 in recognition of his work for the Society.Шаблон:Sfn During this time, he also authored two chapters on early Scandinavian history for the Cambridge Medieval History (Vol. III, 1922), and the article "The Redemption of the Five Boroughs", which was published in the English Historical Review in 1923. In the latter article, which has been described as his most important work on history, Mawer convincingly argued that the ethnic distinction between Danes and Norwegians was a significant political factor in tenth-century England.Шаблон:Sfn His Place-Names and History (1922) and Problems of Place-Name Study (1929) gained a wide circulation.Шаблон:Sfn

Provost at University College London

In 1929, Mawer was elected provost of University College London. One of the best-known scholars of his generation, he was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1930 and received the honour of knighthood in 1937.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was awarded an honorary DCL from Durham University in 1937. Mawer was an honorary foreign member of the Royal Flemish Academy.Шаблон:Sfn

Combined with his responsibilities at University College London, Mawer served as president of the Modern Language Association from 1929 to 1939, president of the Philological Society in 1936, and vice-president of the Viking Society. He was a contributor to the Encyclopædia Britannica on articles about Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian subjects.Шаблон:Sfn

With the outbreak of World War II, the college was dispersed to various parts of England and Wales. Although a man of great physical energy, Mawer suffered from an irregular heart. His strenuous efforts to hold the college together during wartime took a heavy toll on Mawer's health, and on 22 July 1942 he collapsed and died suddenly on a train in Broxbourne while on his way to a meeting of a committee in London.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Personal life

Mawer married Lettice Mona Kathleen Heath on 8 July 1909. She was the daughter of the Rev. Christopher Heath of Wellesley Court, Cheltenham, who was Vicar of Hucclecote, Gloucestershire.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The couple had four daughters, and a son who died in infancy.Шаблон:Sfn

Selected works

• The Vikings, 1913
• Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham (1920)
• Place-Names and History, 1922
• (With Frank Stenton) Introduction to the Survey of English Place-Names, 1924
• Chief Elements used in English Place-Names, 1924
• Problems of Place-Name Study, 1929

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite ODNB
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite news