Английская Википедия:Allin Congregational Church

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Шаблон:Infobox church Allin Congregational Church is an historic United Church of Christ church in Dedham, Massachusetts. It was built in 1818 by conservative breakaway members of Dedham's First Church and Parish in the Greek Revival style.

History

Шаблон:See also The preaching of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield helped to revive the churches of Dedham during the Great Awakening.Шаблон:Sfn The theological debates that arose as a result, however, helped bring about a split in the churches into different denominations.Шаблон:Sfn Allin Congregational Church was founded in 1818 when more conservative members of the First Church and Parish broke off from the increasingly liberal First Church.

In the early 19th century, all Massachusetts towns were Constitutionally required to tax their citizens "for the institution of the public worship of God, and for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety." All residents of a town were assessed, as members of the parish, whether or not they were also members of the church. The "previous and long standing practice [was to have] the church vote for the minister and the parish sanction this vote."

Split with First Church

Шаблон:Main In 1818 "Dedham [claimed] rights distinct from the church and against the vote of the church." The town, as the parish, selected a liberal Unitarian minister, Rev. Alvan Lamson, to serve the First Church in Dedham. The members of the church were more traditional and rejected Lamson by a vote of 18–14. When the parish installed and ordained Lamson, the more conservative or orthodox members left in 1818 decided to form a new church nearby.

During the split, the departing members included Deacon Samuel Fales, who took parish records, funds, and the valuable silver used for communion with him.Шаблон:Sfn Members of the First Church sued and the case, Baker v. Fales, reached the Supreme Judicial Court. The court ruled that "[w]hatever the usage in settling ministers, the Bill of Rights of 1780 secures to towns, not to churches, the right to elect the minister, in the last resort."

The court held that the property had to be returned to First Church, setting a precedent for future congregational splits that would arise as Unitarianism grew.Шаблон:Sfn The case was a major milestone in the road towards the separation of church and state and led to the Commonwealth formally disestablishing the Congregational Church in 1833. The orthodox faction supposedly responded to the decision with the saying, "They kept the furniture, but we kept the faith."Шаблон:Sfn

Despite the court ruling, the silver was not returned to First Church. It remained hidden away until 1969 when it was donated to the Dedham Historical Society as a neutral third party. Today it is on permanent loan to the Museum of Fine Arts, and replicas have been made for both churches.Шаблон:Sfn

The new congregation was initially called the Orthodox Church, but was later renamed Allin Congregational Church after John Allin, the founder and first pastor of First Church. Shortly after the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in Baker v. Fales that the rival faction was, in fact, the First Church, the Orthodox Church ordained their first minister, Ebenezer Burgess.Шаблон:Sfn The letters calling for a council, however, went out in the name of "the First Church."Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

Burgess pastorate

Burgess served as the minister for 40 years, from 1821 until 1861. He agreed to serve in exchange for $2,800 and a house.Шаблон:Sfn He first preached in the church in July 1820, and was ordained on March 14, 2821.Шаблон:Sfn Communion was celebrated every sixth Sunday.Шаблон:Sfn

Burgess was deeply interested in the work of the American Colonization Society which encouraged the migration of free blacks to Africa.Шаблон:Sfn In the run up to the Civil War, "he did not support the anti-slavery movement" and segregated the pews in the church by race.Шаблон:Sfn

When a visiting southern clergyman was traveling through the area, Burgess would often invite him to preach.Шаблон:Sfn Congregants were sometimes offended by what the visiting preacher had to say.Шаблон:Sfn However, when President Joseph Jenkins Roberts of Liberia would visit the United States, he would frequently preach from the Allin pulpit.Шаблон:Sfn William Jenks, a pastor from Green Street in Boston, would spend the summers in Dedham.Шаблон:Sfn Burgess would invite him to stand on his left during services and Jenks would lead the "long prayer."Шаблон:Sfn

The deacons during this time were John Doggett and Martin DraperШаблон:Sfn and the sexton was Comfort Weatherbee.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

20th century

The church was officially incorporated in 1929.Шаблон:Sfn Allin Church joined the Congregational Christian Churches when the denomination was created in 1931. In the 1950s, the church became part of the conservative denomination the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches, before leaving in 1963, when it became part of the United Church of Christ.

Church

Construction

As the more liberal members had possession of the meetinghouse immediately after the split, the conservative members began meeting in the home of the deceased former minister, Jason Haven.Шаблон:Sfn On January 29, 1819, they began advertising for contractors to build them a new meetinghouse.Шаблон:Sfn By August, they had raised enough money to begin construction.Шаблон:Sfn

On August 2, as the lot was being prepared for construction, a terrible thunderstorm blew through the town.Шаблон:Sfn It was thought that lightning struck at least 40 times within a mile of the church.Шаблон:Sfn The following week, as the frame was going up, work was stopped due to a cloudburst.Шаблон:Sfn Its dedication on December 30 was conducted in the midst of a blizzard.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The church was constructed by Jacob Clarke, with William Clarke placing the carved finial on top of the tower.Шаблон:Sfn It was a simple structure, consisting of little more than four walls, a roof, and a few windows.Шаблон:Sfn Inside, the unpainted pews had high backs and doors.Шаблон:Sfn There were wall pews on either side, with pews in the back reserved for people of color, but they were rarely, if ever, used.Шаблон:Sfn

The center pulpit was elevated and enclosed, with a door on either side.Шаблон:Sfn Brass rings hung over the windows in the gallery, but curtains were not attached.Шаблон:Sfn Two large sheet-iron wood stoves provided heat and hot ashes for foot stoves.Шаблон:Sfn

The stables in the cellar were paved with wood blocks.Шаблон:Sfn The choir sang from a gallery in the rear.Шаблон:Sfn

1846 renovation

The interior was renovated in 1846 while Burgess traveled in Europe.Шаблон:Sfn The pews were painted and the walls were frescoed.Шаблон:Sfn An arch-niche was put in behind the pulpit.Шаблон:Sfn

The pulpit was replaced with one with a polished rosewood veneer to match the new rosewood communion table with carved legs and black marble top.Шаблон:Sfn A carpet was installed and the roof was slated.Шаблон:Sfn

Music

The first organ, which was purchased used, was introduced to the church in 1852.Шаблон:Sfn Comfort Weatherbee and a few others found one in storage in Boston and purchased it for $300.Шаблон:Sfn After it was installed in the arch, the various musicians were crowded out and no longer performed.Шаблон:Sfn A new organ was introduced in 1858.Шаблон:Sfn John Thayer played it for a few months until he accepted a position playing the organ at nearby St. Paul's.Шаблон:Sfn

A double bass viol, no longer needed with the organ, was instead loaned to the Baptist Church in Mill Village.Шаблон:Sfn The tune books used were first the "Handel and Haydn Collection" and then the "Carmina Sacra."Шаблон:Sfn The hymn book used was "Watts and Select Hymns" but the congregation did not sing along even though they stood and faced the choir.Шаблон:Sfn A singing school was run in the church during the winter months which provided singers for the choir.Шаблон:Sfn

The current organ at Allin Church is over 100 years old and contains 3,500 air-blown pipes. Originally built in 1912 by Ernest M. Skinner for Appleton Chapel at Harvard University, and some of the pipework was altered by Skinner in 1931. The next year, Appleton Chapel was demolished and replaced by the current Memorial Church. The organ was put into storage, and in 1938 was installed at Allin Church by the Frazee Organ Co. In 1958 R. Kershaw changed nine ranks of pipes and added a new coupler. Today, the organ has 55 ranks of pipes and a repaired console which was added in 1999. Organist and Minister of Music at Allin Church, C. Martin Steinmetz, was organist for over 50 years until his retirement in 2017.

Chapels

Burgess built a chapel immediately behind the church and another was constructed behind Benjamin Boyden's store in Mill Village.Шаблон:Sfn The East Dedham chapel had an open timbered framework and was occasionally used for religious services.Шаблон:Sfn

Ministers

Number	Minister	Years of service	Notes
1*	John Allen	1639-1671	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
2*	John Phillips	1639-1641	Шаблон:Sfn
	Vacant	1671-1673
3*	William Adams	December 3, 1673 – August 17, 1686	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
	Vacant	1685-1693	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
4*	Joseph Belcher	November 29, 1693 – April 27, 1723	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
5*	Samuel Dexter	May 6, 1724 – January 29, 1755	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
6*	Jason Haven	February 5, 1756 – May 17, 1803	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
7*	Joshua Bates	March 16, 1803-February 20-1818	Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
8	Ebenezer Burgess	March 14, 1821 – March 13, 1861	Шаблон:R
9	Jonathan Edwards	1863-1874	Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
10	Charles McLellan Southgate	1875-1884	Шаблон:R
11	Joseph B. Seabury	1885-1899	Шаблон:R
12	Edward Huntting Rudd	1900-1909	Шаблон:R
13	William Thomas Beale	1909-1917	Шаблон:R
14	Oliver Dana Sewall	1918-1920	Шаблон:R
15	George Manley Butler	1921-1934	Шаблон:R
16	John Franklin Robinson	1935–45	Шаблон:R
17	Harry Raymond Butman	1945-1953	Шаблон:R
18	Richard Gould Hinds	1954-1957	Шаблон:R
19	Elton Winslow Brown	1958-1963	Шаблон:R
20	William Henry Brittain	1963-1976	Шаблон:R
21	Taylor Eugene Roth	1977-1994	Шаблон:R
22	Jan-Willem van der Werff	2001-2006
23	Cheryl Kerr	June 14, 2009–June 20, 2021	Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
Interim	Christopher Lyman Waldron	2021-2023	Шаблон:R
24	Anne Marie Holloway	January 1, 2024-	Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
*Was minister of the First Church and Parish in Dedham before the schism.

Notable members

• Warren Fales Draper's father was a deacon of the church, and Draper attended as a child.
• William Alcott was the superintendent of the Sunday School.Шаблон:Sfn
• Mr. Packard was the sexton in the mid-1800s.Шаблон:Efn
• James F. Fish, publisher of the Puritan Recorder and superintendent of the Sunday School.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

• First Church of Christ, Scientist (Dedham, Massachusetts)
• St. Mary's Church (Dedham, Massachusetts)
• St. Susanna Church (Dedham, Massachusetts)

Works cited

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Church website