Английская Википедия:Altare

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Infobox Italian comune

Altare (Шаблон:Lang-lij, Шаблон:Lang-pms, L’Atæ in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about Шаблон:Convert west of Genoa and about Шаблон:Convert northwest of Savona. As of 1 January 2009, it had a population of 2,160[1] and an area of Шаблон:Convert.[2]

Altare borders the following municipalities: Cairo Montenotte, Carcare, Mallare, Quiliano, and Savona.

Geography

Altare is just west of the Cadibona pass, which at Шаблон:Convert[3] divides the Ligurian Alps from the Ligurian Apennines. Also called pass of Altare, it is accessed from the coast by the Via Nazionale Piemonte, winding up from Savona and crossing into Piedmont towards the north Italian plain.

History

Altare was home to an ancient glassmaking tradition, dating back to the Middle Ages. The origin of Altare glassworks is still unknown. Oral tradition has it that the art was spread from Northern France by Benedictine monks.[4] Samuel Kurinsky posits that the original glassmakers were Sephardic Jews, based on the secretive character of their techniques and the distinct identity of the glassmakers as opposed to the rest of the population. If that is the case, they were completely assimilated, except for their traditional self-distinction. [5]

Altarist glassmakers were organized in guilds, not unlike other medieval craftsmen. The glassmakers guild in Altare was founded in 1856 as Società artistico-vetraria d'Altare.[6] The guild, known as the University, maintained a strict control over the glassmakers' techniques.[7][8]

Altaresi in Europe

Unlike the Venetians though, Altare was a net exporter of know-how throughout its history, as the local guild was never able to prevent the migration of its people to other places. Sometimes it even encouraged it. The importance of Altare revolves around this difference. For example, it appears that Giobatta Da Costa's invention of flint glass took place in London, while he worked for the Ravenscroft manufactory in 1674.[9] It is reported that the first glassmaker of Pisa, around 1592, was from Altare.[10] Altarist glassmakers operated in France, at Orléans and Nevers and one of them, Bernard Perrot went on to become master of the Royal Glassworks in Orléans, after patenting many innovative techniques.[11][12]

Altaresi in South America

There was a migration of Altarese glass-makers to South America, primarily Argentina.[13][14] A group of glassmakers left Altare in 1947 to establish themselves in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. There they started an industry of glass-making that remains active. They brought with them the European style glass blowing tradition, yet eventually they developed a cross-cultural style combining the European and Argentinean esthetics.[15]

Museum of Glass

The Museum of Glass in Villa Rosa at Altare preserves many pieces of industrial and art glass produced in the region. The museum is housed in an Art Nouveau building that is a culturally protected edifice. [5]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

Шаблон:Province of Savona

Шаблон:Authority control

  1. Шаблон:Cite web August 2009.
  2. Шаблон:Cite web
  3. The altitude is embossed on the plaque that marks the summit of the pass.
  4. Mallarini, Anselmo L'arte vetraria altarese, Bacchetta, 1995
  5. 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. Шаблон:Cite book
  7. Шаблон:Cite book
  8. Шаблон:Cite book
  9. Thorpe, W.A: A history of English and Irish glass, London, 1929
  10. Шаблон:Cite book
  11. Bondois P.M., Les Verreries nivernaise et orléanaise au xvii siècle. Jean Castellan et Bernard Perrot, Paris, 1932
  12. Barrelet J., La verrerie en France de l'époque Gallo-Romaine à nos jours, Paris, 1953
  13. Шаблон:Cite book
  14. Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. Шаблон:Cite journal