Английская Википедия:Altiplano Basin
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox sedimentary basin The Altiplano Basin (Шаблон:Lang-es) is a sedimentary basin within the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. The basin is located on the Altiplano plateau between the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Oriental. Over-all the basin has evolved through time in a context of horizontal shortening of Earth's crust.[1] The great thickness of the sediments accumulated in the basin is mostly the result of the erosion of Cordillera Oriental.[2]
Description
The Altiplano Basin has an approximate area of Шаблон:Convert.[3] The northern part of the basin is overridden by the Cordillera Occidental along the Pasani Fault, a thrust fault. To the east, the northern part of the basin was overridden by the Cordillera Oriental along the Ayaviri Fault, another thrust fault albeit the fault is now buried under more recent sediments.[1] Further south near Oruro and Sica Sica the boundary of the basin with the Cordillera Oriental block is made up by the largely buried Coniri Fault. The fault contact is not reflected in surface topography since Cordillera Oriental rises more than 10 kilometers to the east of Coniri Fault.[2]
The sedimentation rate in the basin has varied strongly over geological time. In the time from the middle Paleocene to the middle Eocene on average less than Шаблон:Convert of sediments accumulated in the basin every million years. In the Late Eocene and Oligocene, sediments accumulated in the basin at a rate of up to Шаблон:Convert every million years.[4] Similarly in the Miocene and Oligocene (15 to 30 million years ago) the Ayaviri Sub-basin in the north accumulated Шаблон:Convert of sediments every million years.[1]
Stratigraphy
The basin contains three large successions of sediments. The sedimentary sequence in the basin started in the Early Paleozoic.[5] From bottom to top these are:[4]
- Maastrichtian–Paleocene aged marine and non-marine sediments of the Santa Lucía and El Molino Formations. Their thickness is about Шаблон:Convert.
- The Шаблон:Convert thick non-marine Potoco Formation. Most of the formation is of Eocene–Oligocene age.
- Sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Oligocene to Quaternary age making of a Шаблон:Convert thick pile.
It has been suggested that the northern part of the Altiplano Basin experienced a significant reverse fault movement in the Oligocene and Early Miocene (c. 28 to 16 million years ago).[1]
References
Bibliography
Шаблон:Major South American geological formations Шаблон:Sedimentary basins of Peru
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite conference
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Ficha técnica Cuenca del Altiplano
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Jiménez et al., 2009
- Английская Википедия
- Altiplano
- Sedimentary basins of Bolivia
- Sedimentary basins of Peru
- Geology of La Paz Department (Bolivia)
- Geology of Oruro Department
- Geology of Potosí Department
- Geography of Puno Region
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