Английская Википедия:Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox protected area The Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO biosphere reserve in the Venezuelan Amazon biome.
Location
The Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve was designated in 1993. It is located between 00°30' to 04°40'N and 62°45' to 66°34'W in Venezuela, and has a total area of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn This makes it the largest UNESCO biosphere reserve in the tropics.Шаблон:Sfn It is administered by the Amazonas State Environmental Office of the Venezuelan Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources.Шаблон:Sfn The Duida-Marahuaca National Park is in the northern part of the reserve.Шаблон:Sfn The reserve also contains the Serranía de la Neblina and Parima Tapirapecó national parks.Шаблон:Sfn
The lowest land is in the Casiquiare canal plateau and the highest is on the Cerro Marahuaca in the northeast.Шаблон:Sfn Altitudes range from Шаблон:Convert above sea level. The reserve is crossed from southeast to northwest by the upper Orinoco, which rises in the Parima Tapirapecó National Park and flows past the community of La Esmeralda in the center of the reserve.Шаблон:Sfn
Environment
The Köppen climate classification is "Af": equatorial, fully humid.Шаблон:Sfn Most of the reserve is in the Negro-Branco moist forests ecoregion.Шаблон:Sfn It also contains areas of the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion.Шаблон:Sfn
The main ecosystem type is tropical humid forests. Habitats include lower montane rainforest with trees in the Clusia, Brocchinia, Ananas and Pitcairnia genera, semideciduous rainforest with trees such as Pourouma guianensis, Brownea ariza, Alexa superba, Cupania scrobiculata, Campinarana dominated by Eperua purpurea and holding Eperua falcata, Peltogyne caatingae and Aldinia discolor, lowland rainforest and palm forest with Oenocarpus bataua and Leopoldonia piassaba.Шаблон:Sfn Endangered mammals include Fernandez's sword-nosed bat (Lonchorhina fernandezi).Шаблон:Sfn
Human factors
The biosphere reserve had about 150,000 inhabitants as of 1991, of which under 10% were indigenous people. The main aim of the biosphere reserve is to preserve the homelands and traditional lifestyles of the YanomamiШаблон:Efn and Ye'kuana peoples. They cultivate yuca, musaceas, túpiro (Solanum sessiliflorum), Pijiguao (Bactris gasipaes) and Ñame (Dioscorea genus).Шаблон:Sfn
Some local residents are opposed to protected areas and the ban on logging and mining. There is lack of culturally sensitive and effective programs for conservation and sustainable development. The region is threatened by illegal gold miners.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Sources
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