Английская Википедия:Altun Kupri
Шаблон:Pp-semi-indef Шаблон:Infobox settlement
Altun Kupri (Шаблон:Lang-ar,[1] Шаблон:Lang-tr,[2] Шаблон:Lang-ku[3][4]) is a town in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. Its inhabitants are predominantly Turkmen, with a minority of Arabs and Kurds.[5][6][7] It is located on the shores of the Little Zab and on the Erbil–Kirkuk road.[8][9] The town is described as having an 'intrinsic strategic significance' and is disputed.[10][11]
Etymology
Altun Kupri is the Anglicized version of the Iraqi Turkmen word for "altın köprü" in standard Turkish language, which is literally 'Golden Bridge' in English.[2]
There are different theories for the town's name. Some believe that 'Golden Bridge' refers to a Turkish or Kurdish woman of that name, while others believe it refers to the colorful caravans that passed the town and its bridge on their way between Mosul and Baghdad.[12]
History
Ottoman Sultan Murad IV built two bridges in the town which made it gain importance. It was visited by many European travellers and known for its scenery.[12]
Altun Kupri had approximately 400 to 500 households by the end of the 18th century. Mirza Abu Taleb Khan visited the town in 1799, describing it as a big village with a mixed Kurdish and Turkmen population busy with farming. Moreover, it was a trading center between Kurdistan and Baghdad for figs, grapes and other agricultural products. Under the reign of Muhammad Pasha of Soran (1813-1836) he was able to extend his influence to this town and force the Ottoman governor of Baghdad to recognize his control.[13] In 1906, the town had 4,000 inhabitants.[14] The Ottomans destroyed the town's famous stone-built bridges in 1918 and replaced it with modern steel constructions.[12]
In 1925, the town's population was predominantly Turkmen.[15]
The town experienced Arabization during the Saddam era and an increased militarization to counter uprisings in the north from spreading towards Kirkuk.[16]
More than a hundred Turkmen civilians were killed in the 1991 Altun Köpru massacre during the Gulf War by the Iraqi Army.[17]
Demographics
In the 1947 census Kurds constituted 70% of the population but decreased to 50% in 1957. In the census of 1965, the percentage of Kurds fell further to 25.7% but increased again to 75.6% in 1977.[18] In the 2005 elections, the DPAK received 80% of the vote in the sub-district of Altun Kupri.[19]
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Iraq-geo-stub
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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