Английская Википедия:Am Yisrael Chai

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:JewishMusic Am Yisrael Chai (Hebrew: עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל חַי; Шаблон:Lit) is a Jewish solidarity anthem and a widely used expression of Jewish peoplehood and an affirmation of the continuity of the Jewish people. The phrase gained popularity during the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry, when Jewish songwriter Shlomo Carlebach composed the song for the movement's 1965 solidarity rally in New York City.

The Forward has placed "Am Yisrael Chai" second only to Hatikvah, the national anthem of Israel, as "an anthem of the Jewish people".

History

Файл:Am Yisrael Hai, Tel Aviv.jpg

Am Yisrael Chai graffiti in Tel Aviv

In the circa 1938 songbook Songs of My People, compiled in Chicago, appears the song "Am Yisrael Chai". The lyrics are the words "Am Yis-ra-el, am Yis-ra-el chai. [/] Am-cha Yis-ra-el chai," in varying order.

According to Professor Monty Penkower of the Lander Institute, after the Holocaust, Jews around the world embraced the Zionist thesis that Jewish powerlessness had to undergo a radical transformation if the Holocaust were not to be repeated. Most Holocaust survivors had little doubts about Jewish sovereignty in Palestine. On April 20, 1945, five days after the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was liberated, British Army chaplain Rabbi Leslie Hardman led a Friday evening Shabbat service for a few hundred survivors at the camp. Knowing the service was being recorded by Patrick Walker of the BBC radio service, a Jewish army chaplain proclaimed "Am Yisrael chai!, the children of Israel still liveth" after the group sung the Zionist anthem Hatikvah at the conclusion of the service.

The front of the stage of a concert in Munich in 1945 or 1946 by the St. Ottilien Ex-Concentration Camp Orchestra displayed the words "Am Yisrael chai".

Carlebach song

The phrase gained popular use in 1965, when Jewish songwriter Shlomo Carlebach composed "Am Yisrael Chai" as the solidarity anthem the Soviet Jewry movement at the request of Solomon Birnbaum, founder of the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry. Carlebach and Birnbaum knew each other, and their respective grandfathers had met at the First Zionist Congress in 1897 in Basel. By 1965, Carlebach was already popular for his melodies put to Hebrew prayers, and Birnbaum reached out to him in the hopes of composing a song ahead of a planned major SSSJ rally in front of the Soviet Mission to the United Nations in New York on April 4, 1965.

While in Soviet-dominated Czechoslovakia, Carlebach wrote and first performed "Am Yisrael Chai" before a group of youth in Prague. On April 2, 1965, Carlebach phoned Birnbaum with news that the song was completed. Carlebach publicly performed the song for the first time at rally on April 4. The song became the centerpiece of the SSSJ's annual solidarity rally between 1972 and 1991.

According to musicologist Tina Frühauf, Carlebach's lyrics evoke a sense of the Jewish nation, Jewish survival, and an affirmation of Jewish identity. Birnbaum interpreted the song's dominant phrase to signify "a rebirth of Jewish life, including music" in the post-Holocaust world.

It is the final song of Soul Doctor, a Broadway musical about Carlebach's life.

Contemporary use

The song and its core phrase widely became a defiant expression and affirmation of Jewish continuity, especially during times of war and heightened antisemitism. The song was sung on the second day of the Six Day War and at the end of the Yom Kippur War.

It is often used by the Jewish diaspora to express support and solidarity with Israel, such as during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.Шаблон:Better source needed In 2009, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu inscribed the words "Am Yisrael Chai" in the guestbook of the Wannsee Villa in Berlin. US Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield uttered the phrase at an Israel solidarity rally during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.

On October 17, 2023, in the aftermath of the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, popular Hasidic Jewish singer Benny Friedman released a song called "Am Yisrael Chai" to capture the spirit of the Jewish people during the war. Jewish a cappella groups Maccabeats, Y-Studs, and Six13 released Avinu SheBashamayim as a reaction to the attacks, ending with the words "Am Yisrael Chai."

Composition

Hebrew	Transliteration	English
Шаблон:Script/Hebrew	Шаблон:Lang	The people of Israel live, our Father still lives!

The song's lyrics are derived from Genesis 45:3, "Joseph said to his brothers, 'I am Joseph. Is my father still alive?'" (Шаблон:Lang-he) Carlebach added the words "Am Yisrael Chai" (the nation of Israel lives) and, for the song's refrain, changed the words "is my father still alive" to "our father still lives" (Шаблон:Lang-he) in a possible reference to the Jewish tradition that "Jacob/Israel did not die." According to musicologist Tina Frühauf, Carlebach changed the reference from Joseph's father to God, "as the father of the children of Israel."

Legacy

During the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, The Forward, a major Jewish news organization, placed "Am Yisrael Chai" second only to Hatikvah, the national anthem of Israel, as "an anthem of the Jewish people". Judaic scholar Arnold Eisen has called "Am Yisrael Chai" the "civil religion" of American Jewry.

In 2023, Ben-Gurion Airport in Tel Aviv, Israel, debuted a 50-meter-long mural titled Am Yisrael Chai that covers 4,000 years of Jewish history.

External links

• Entry in the Jewish English Lexicon dictionary