Английская Википедия:Amanda Junquera Butler

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Amanda Junquera Butler (19 October 1898 – 27 December 1986) was a Spanish writer. Raised in Madrid, she attended university during the Spanish Civil War at the University of Valencia. Junquera was a noted translator, chronicler, and short story writer in the mid-20th century, whose works and impact received new interest in the 21st century with republishing of some of her works and scholarship on her life.

Early life

Amanda Junquera Butler was born on 19 October 1898 in MadridШаблон:Sfn to Emilia Butler and Tomás Junquera de Basañez. She grew up in Madrid along with her five siblings, Isabel, María Luisa, Emilia, María Teresa, and Tomás.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She enjoyed reading and from a young age, traveled widely and studied music and literature.Шаблон:Sfn In July 1928, at the Santa Bárbara Parish Church of Madrid, she married the academic and dean of the Faculty of Arts for the University of Murcia, Шаблон:Ill. Junquera continued traveling widely after her marriage, moving as was required for Alcázar's career.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

In 1936, at a reception for the opening of the Шаблон:Ill in the Murcia Region of Spain, Junquera met the writer Carmen Conde Abellán, who had been active in getting the university established.Шаблон:Sfn Conde was the wife of poet, Antonio Oliver Belmás and would become the first woman admitted into the Royal Spanish Academy.Шаблон:Sfn The two women had an immediate affinity for each other and began exchanging books and letters.Шаблон:Sfn Within a month of their meeting, Conde was dedicating poems to Junquera, which explicitly described her desire for engaging with Amanda using all of her senses and alluding to Katherine Mansfield in language widely known as lesbian coding in the period.Шаблон:Sfn Just over a year after meeting, in June 1937, the two women planned a holiday together, without their husbands, at Penyal d'Ifac Natural Park in Valencia, where they became lovers.Шаблон:Sfn

During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) the women cemented their relationship, as their husbands were away and they were able to continue to meet and correspond.Шаблон:Sfn Because of Шаблон:Ill and social custom, the two women were not allowed to divorce or acknowledge their sexuality, which created the need to publicly hide their situation.Шаблон:Sfn Both husbands had volunteered to serve in the Spanish Republican Army and both served in Baza, Granada.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Conde's husband, Oliver, was captured and imprisoned, while Junquera's husband, Alcázar, was transferred to the University of Valencia, and would become Director-General of Universities under Francisco Franco's dictatorship.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Junquera enrolled in classes at the University of Valencia, when she returned from her holiday at Peñón de Ifach. Among her classmates were Шаблон:Ill and Concha Zardoya.Шаблон:Sfn

At the end of the war, authorities marked Conde for arrest because she was a pro-Republican intellectual.Шаблон:Sfn Junquera helped her escape from Valencia and they moved into the home of Junquera's sister in Madrid.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn For a year, they lived with the sister, where Conde hid in a bedroom. In 1940, the women moved to San Lorenzo de El EscorialШаблон:Sfn and then in 1942, Alcázar joined them in Madrid. He and Junquera rented #5 Calle Velintonia from poet, Vicente Aleixandre, which would be the home for the three of them off and on for the next four decades.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was in the early 1940s, that Junquera began to publish, using the pseudonym Isabel de Ambía. She wrote essays, chronicles, literary critiques, and short stories which were mainly published in magazines like Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea (Contemporary Literature Notes), Destino de Barcelona (Destiny Barcelona), El Español (The Spanish), and Hispania.Шаблон:Sfn

From 1942, Junquera translated literary works of English, French, and Italian writers into Spanish. These included works by Шаблон:Ill, Marcel Pagnol, Anna Maria Speckel, Alejandro Tassoni Estense, and William Thomas Walsh, among others.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Ill praised her translations of Micheli and Tassoni in a 1944 review in Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea,Шаблон:Sfn and her translation of Walsh was republished in both 1953 and 1963.Шаблон:Sfn She also published stories throughout the 1940s.Шаблон:Sfn In 1947, Junquera published her only book, Un hueco en la luz (A Hollow in the Light).Шаблон:Sfn

When Oliver was finally released from prison,Шаблон:Sfn he and Conde agreed to remain married in name only.Шаблон:Sfn Oliver was required to live in isolation in Murcia,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn but Conde returned to El Escorial, where she could be with Junquera. When Conde was accused of political offenses, Junquera and Alcázar used their influence to help her get the charges dismissed.Шаблон:Sfn Suffering from a heart condition, Oliver was allowed to return to Madrid in 1945Шаблон:Sfn and Conde ostensibly lived with him and his mother in a separate apartment.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The two couples remained close, often vacationing together in spite of the complicated relationships.Шаблон:Sfn Junquera's husband died in 1958 and she and Conde remained constant companions. When Oliver died in 1968, Conde permanently moved into Junquera's home.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Death and legacy

Junquera died on 27 December 1986 in Madrid and she was buried in the cemetery in Torrelodones.Шаблон:Sfn Though she was often overshadowed by their fame, both Conde and Alcázar dedicated multiple works to her in recognition of her significance in their own literary productions.Шаблон:Sfn Revived interest in her works began in the 21st century and her biography was included in volume 2 of the Indice Biográfico de España, Portugal e Iberoamérica (Biographical Indices of Spain, Portugal and Latin America, Walter de Gruyter, 2000). Several of her translations also were republished in 2000 and 2001.Шаблон:Sfn In 2007, José Luis Ferris published Carmen Conde: vida, pasión y verso de una escritora olvidada (Carmen Conde: Life, Passion and Verse of a Forgotten Writer), which chronicled the relationship of Conde and Junquera publicly.Шаблон:Sfn

Selected works

Stories

Essays

Translations

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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