Английская Википедия:American Brahman
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox cattle breed
The Brahman (also Brahma in the U.S.[1][2][3]) is an American breed of zebuine-taurine hybrid beef cattle. It was bred in the United States from 1885 from cattle originating in India, imported at various times from the United Kingdom, India, and Brazil. These were mainly Gir, Guzerá and Nelore stock, with some Indu-Brasil, Krishna Valley and Ongole. The Brahman has a high tolerance of heat, sunlight and humidity, and good resistance to parasites. It has been exported to many countries, particularly in the tropics; in Australia it is the most numerous breed of cattle. It has been used in the creation of numerous taurine-indicine hybrids, some of which – such as the Brangus and Brahmousin – are established as separate breeds.Шаблон:R
History
Zebuine (Asian humped) cattle were present in the United States from 1849, when a single bull of Indian origin was imported from the United Kingdom to South Carolina. In 1885 a pair of grey bulls was brought directly from India to Texas; one was large, weighing over Шаблон:Nobreak, the other weighed little more than half that. Cross-breeding of these with local taurine cows was the first step in the creation of the Brahman breed.Шаблон:R Other small groups of Indian cattle were imported up to about 1906, mostly to Texas; some of them were imported to be displayed as circus animals, and were later sold to ranchers.Шаблон:R In 1924 and 1925 a total of 210 bulls and 18 cows of mainly zebuine-taurine hybrid Guzerá stock,Шаблон:R but also including some Gir and Nelore, were brought from Brazil Шаблон:R to the United States through Mexico.
A breed association, the American Brahman Breeders Association, was formed in 1924, and a herd-book was started.Шаблон:R The name "Brahman" was chosen by J. W. Sartwelle, secretary of the association.Шаблон:R In 1939 the herd-book was closed, thereafter recording only the offspring of registered parents. The registration in 1946 of eighteen imported Brazilian bulls, mainly Indu-Brasil and Gir, was permitted, as were some later additions of imported stock.Шаблон:R The association registered all American indicine cattle in the same herd-book until 1991, when herd-books for Gir, Guzerat, Indu-Brasil, Nelore and Tabapua were separated from that for the American Red and Grey Brahman.Шаблон:R
Exports of cattle of this breed to Australia began in 1933 and continued until 1954, and amounted to 49 head in all; by 1973 their offspring numbered more than Шаблон:Val. Some further imports, numbering about 700 head in total, took place after 1981. By 1987 there were over a million in Queensland alone, and by the end of the century there were more of them in Australia than of any other breed, particularly in the tropical north of the country.Шаблон:R
Characteristics
The Brahman has good tolerance of heat and is widespread in tropical regions. It is resistant to insects thanks to its thick skin. Brahman cattle live longer than many other breeds, often producing calves at ages 15 and older.Шаблон:R
Use
The Brahman is reared for the meat industry, particularly in areas where good resistance to hot or tropical conditions is needed. As with other zebuine cattle, the meat is of lower quality than that of specialised European beef cattle breeds. For this reason it is commonly cross-bred with cattle of those breeds, either by raising hybrid calves born to pure-bred parents, or by creating a composite or hybrid breed, of which there are many. Some of them, such as the Brahmousin (Brahman x Limousin), Brangus (Brahman x Angus) and Simbrah (Brahman x Simmental) have acquired breed status in their own right, but many others have not. These include the Brahorn (Brahman x Shorthorn), the Bravon (Brahman x Devon) and South Bravon (Brahman x South Devon), the Bra-Swiss (Brahman x Brown Swiss), the Sabre (Brahman x Sussex) and the Braford (Brahman x Hereford).Шаблон:R
In Oman and Fujairah, Brahman bulls are used in the traditional sport of bull-butting; they may be fed milk and honey to prepare them for the contest.Шаблон:R
Gallery
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Red Brahman cows
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Bulls in a paddock, Northern Territory, Australia
References
Шаблон:Commonscat Шаблон:Reflist
Шаблон:Cattle breeds of the United States
- ↑ Spectator watching the Brahma bull riding at the rodeo of the San Angelo Fat Stock Show, San Angelo, Texas, photograph by Russell Lee, 1940, Library of Congress
- ↑ 46 Brahma Bull Riding Stock Photos & High-Res Pictures, Getty Images
- ↑ Brahma Bull Riding, Benton Rodeo
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