Английская Википедия:American Dialect Society

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox organization The American Dialect Society (ADS), founded in 1889, is a learned society "dedicated to the study of the English language in North America, and of other languages, or dialects of other languages, influencing it or influenced by it." The Society publishes the academic journal American Speech.

Since its foundation, dialectologists in English-speaking North America have affiliated themselves with the American Dialect Society, an association which in its first constitution defined its objective as "the investigation of the spoken English of the United States and Canada" (Constitution, 1890). Over the years, its objective has remained essentially the same, only expanded to encompass "the English language in North America, together with other languages or dialects of other languages influencing it or influenced by it" (Fundamentals, 1991).

History

The organization was founded as part of an effort to create a comprehensive American dialect dictionary, a near century-long undertaking that culminated in the publication of the Dictionary of American Regional English. In 1889, when Joseph Wright began editing the English Dialect Dictionary, a group of American philologists founded the American Dialect Society with the ultimate purpose of producing a similar work for the United States.

Members of the Society began to collect material, much of which was published in the Society's journal Dialect Notes, but little was done toward compiling a dictionary recording nationwide usage until Frederic G. Cassidy was appointed Chief Editor in 1963. The first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, covering the letters A-C, was published in 1985. The other major project of the Society is the Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada.

Membership

The Society has never had more than a few hundred active members. With so few scholars advancing the enterprise, the developments in the field came slowly. Members of the organization include "linguists, lexicographers, etymologists, grammarians, historians, researchers, writers, authors, editors, professors, university students, and independent scholars." Its activities include a mailing list, which deals chiefly with American English but also carries some discussion of other issues of linguistic interest.

Word of the Year

Шаблон:Main Since 1991, the American Dialect Society has designated one or more words or terms to be the word of the year. The New York Times stated that the American Dialect Society "probably started" the "word-of-the-year ritual". However, the "Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache" (GfdS) has announced a word of the year since 1977.

Special votes that they've made:

• Word of the 1990s: web
• Word of the 20th Century: jazz
• Word of the Past Millennium: she
• Word of the Decade (2000–2009): Google (verb)
• Word of the Decade (2010–2019): they (singular)

The society also selects words in other categories that vary from year to year, such as "most original", "most unnecessary", "most outrageous", or "most likely to succeed" (see: Word of the year).

A number of words chosen by the ADS are also on the lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year.

List of Words of the Year

Year	Word	Notes
1990	bushlips	(similar to "bullshit" – stemming from President George H. W. Bush's 1988 "Read my lips: no new taxes" promise)
1991	mother of all –	(as in Saddam Hussein's foretold "Mother of all battles")
1992	Not!	(meaning "just kidding")
1993	information superhighway
1994	Tie: cyber and morph	(to change form)
1995	Tie: World Wide Web and newt	(as a verb: to make aggressive changes as a newcomer).
1996	mom	(as in "soccer mom").
1997	millennium bug
1998	e-	(as in "e-mail").
1999	Y2K
2000	chad	(from the 2000 Presidential Election controversy in Florida).
2001	9-11, 9/11 or September 11
2002	weapons of mass destruction or WMD
2003	metrosexual
2004	red/blue/purple states	(from the 2004 presidential election).
2005	truthiness	popularized on The Colbert Report.
2006	to be plutoed, to pluto	(demoted or devalued, as happened to the former planet Pluto).
2007	subprime	(an adjective used to describe a risky or less than ideal loan, mortgage, or investment).
2008	bailout	(a rescue by government of a failing corporation)
2009	tweet	(a short message sent via the Twitter service)
2010	app
2011	occupy	(in reference to the Occupy movement)
2012	#hashtag
2013	because	(introducing a noun, adjective, or other part of speech: "because reasons," "because awesome")
2014	#blacklivesmatter
2015	they	("gender-neutral singular pronoun for a known person, particularly as a nonbinary identifier")
2016	dumpster fire	an exceedingly disastrous or chaotic situation
2017	fake news	defined by the ADS in two ways: "disinformation or falsehoods presented as real news" and "actual news that is claimed to be untrue"
2018	tender-age shelter	("government-run detention centers that have housed the children of asylum seekers at the U.S./Mexico border")
2019	(my) pronouns	"Recognized for its use as an introduction for sharing one's set of personal pronouns (as in 'pronouns: she/her')."
2020	Covid
2021	Insurrection	referring to the January 6 United States Capitol attack.
2022	-ussy	(suffix from pussy)
2023	enshittification

See also

• American English
• Language planning
• Language Report from Oxford University Press
• Lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year
• Neologism
• Word formation

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:Official
• Шаблон:Curlie
• American Dialect Society, information page at Duke University Press
  • Publication of the American Dialect Society, archive articles at Duke University Press
• American Dialect Society, information page at American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS)
• American Dialect Society, news page at Dictionary Society of North America
• American Dialect Society Collection, at Library of Congress
• American Dialect Society, publications listed with timeline at WorldCat, from participation in the Online Computer Library Center
• Creator: American Dialect Society, at website of Internet Archive