Английская Википедия:Ammarik
Шаблон:Short description Ammarik,Шаблон:Sfn also transcribed as Ammarig or Hammarigu,Шаблон:Sfn was a god worshiped in Ebla in the third millennium BCE. He was most likely a deified mountain.
After the fall of Ebla, he was incorporated into the pantheon of the Hurrians.
Character
Ammarik was most likely a deified mountain in origin.Шаблон:Sfn It is possible that the corresponding landmark is located to the northwest of Ebla, in the proximity of Church of Saint Simeon Stylites.Шаблон:Sfn According to Hittite documents, it was located in the land of Mukish.Шаблон:Sfn A proposed identity is Mount Simeon, which according to Alfonso Archi is visible from Ebla.Шаблон:Sfn In a Hittite document dealing with the borders of the areas under the control of Carchemish, Ammarik is mentioned as a mountain, designated with the determinative ḪUR.SAG.Шаблон:Sfn
In later periods, the mountain was apparently seen as the residence of a weather deity, as evidenced by the annals of Ḫattušili I.Шаблон:Sfn
Ammarik and Adarwan
In a ritual text from Ammarik occurs next to Adarwan, most likely also a deified mountain.Шаблон:Sfn Alfonso Archi considers him to be a god,Шаблон:Sfn but Volkert Haas describes Adarwan simply as the "numen" of Ammarik.Шаблон:Sfn A village sharing the god's name, A-dar-a-nuki, is also attested in the Ebla texts.Шаблон:Sfn Similarly, a village named after another deified mountain, Saggar, also existed.Шаблон:Sfn
An Eblaite incantation (ARET 5.16) refers to dA-dar-wa-an BE ti8MUŠEN.ti8MUŠEN, "Adarwan, lord of the eagles."Шаблон:Sfn Eagles were also a symbol of other mountain gods in ancient Syria and Anatolia, for example a Hittite text describing the appearance of various deities mentions that the cult statue of the mountain god Kuwarri was accompanied by an iron eagle, while an eagle made out of ivory was an attribute of Iškiša.Шаблон:Sfn Documentation pertaining to the hišuwa festival mentions an eagle who sat on the shoulder of the mountain god Manuzi, Eribuški.Шаблон:Sfn
Worship
in Ebla, two golden bracelets were annually offered to Ammarik and Aštabi.Шаблон:Sfn A single instance of a mace being offered to him is also known.Шаблон:Sfn He was one of the gods associated with figurines of silver human-faced bulls according to the Eblaite texts, the other ones being Hadda, Resheph and Hadabal.Шаблон:Sfn In one offering list Ammarik appears alongside some of the most commonly mentioned Eblaite gods, such as Aštabi, Hadabal (of Luban), Ala (of Zik), Resheph (of Si'am) and Hadda.Шаблон:Sfn
Ammarik, as well as an otherwise unknown deity named Dunnān, appear in an Eblaite incantation imploring the weather god Hadda to destroy evil with hail.Шаблон:Sfn Ammarik is specifically asked to help Hadda destroy snakes.Шаблон:Sfn Daniel Schwemer notes that if the common assumption about Ammarik's character is correct, this might be the oldest attestation of an association between weather gods and mountains in the entire region.Шаблон:Sfn
Hurrian and Hittite reception
Alfonso Archi proposes that after the fall of Ebla Ammarik was among the deities who did not retain their former position in the religion of the Amorites, who became the dominant culture in Syria.Шаблон:Sfn He lists Adamma, Aštabi, Šanugaru and Halabatu as other similar examples.Шаблон:Sfn He assumes that they were reduced to the status of deities of at best local significance, and as a result were easily incorporated into the religion of the Hurrians when they arrived in the same area a few centuries later.Шаблон:Sfn Ammarik is attested in Hurrian texts from Hattusa.Шаблон:Sfn
Ḫattušili I brought a statue of a storm god named Armaruk in Hittite from conquered Hurrian city Haššuwa.Шаблон:Sfn Armaruk or "lord of Armaruk" corresponds to Ammarik.Шаблон:Sfn
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