Английская Википедия:Amyntas I of Macedon

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox royalty Amyntas I (Шаблон:Lang-grc) was kingШаблон:Efn of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from at least 512/511 until his death in 498/497 BC.Шаблон:Sfn Although there were a number of rulers before him, Amyntas is the first king of Macedonia for which we have any reliable historical information.Шаблон:Sfn During Amyntas' reign, Macedonia became a vassal state of the Achaemenid Empire in 510 BC.[1]

Background

Шаблон:See also Amyntas was a member of the Argead dynasty and the son of King Alcetas.Шаблон:Snf According to Herodotus, Amyntas was the sixth king of Macedonia. He had two children with an unnamed spouse:Шаблон:SnfШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Alexander I and Gygaea.Шаблон:Snf

Reign

Relationship with the Persian Empire

Шаблон:See also In 513 BC, Persian forces led by Darius I crossed the Bosporus in a successful expedition against the Scythians, securing a frontier on the Danube in the process. Darius then returned to Sardis in Asia Minor and ordered his cousin Megabazus to conquer the rest of Thrace. Megabazus marched westward into the Strymon Basin in 512 or 511 BC, subjugating a number of tribes along the way, including the Paeonions, whom he had deported to Asia.Шаблон:Sfn Amyntas may have taken advantage of this power vacuum by crossing the Axios River and seizing their former territory around Amphaxitis.Шаблон:Sfn

In keeping with Persian practice, Megabazus dispatched seven envoys around 510 BC to meet Amyntas, most likely at the palace in Aegae, to demand "earth and water."Шаблон:Sfn Although the exact meaning of this request remains unclear, it appears that Amyntas met Megabazus' demands and invited the envoys to a feast.Шаблон:Sfn The Persians, according to Herodotus, requested the company of women after dinner, which Amyntas agreed to despite Macedonian customs. The women, identified as "concubines and wedded wives," sat across the table at first, but moved next to the envoys at their insistence. Flushed with wine, they began to fondle the women, but Amyntas remained silent out of fear of Persian power.Шаблон:Snf

Alexander, enraged by their actions, asked his father to leave and let him handle the situation. Amyntas advised caution, but eventually left, and Alexander sent the women away as well, assuring his guests that they were only washing themselves. In their place, "beardless men" disguised as women and armed with daggers returned to the party and murdered all seven envoys. The Persians began looking for the missing embassy, but Alexander covered it up by marrying his sister Gygaea to the general Bubares and paying him a large bribe.Шаблон:Snf

Modern historians are generally skeptical of the veracity of this story. It could have been fabricated by Herodotus to illustrate Alexander's cunning personality, or he could have simply repeated what he heard while visiting Macedonia.Шаблон:Sfn Furthermore, Amyntas, no matter how weak or foolish, is unlikely to have entrusted such a delicate diplomatic situation to his young son.Шаблон:Sfn Gygaea's marriage to Bubares is recognized as historical; Amyntas most likely arranged it himself or Alexander handled it after his father's death.Шаблон:Snf

Historian Eugene Borza argued that by rejecting the murder of the Persian ambassadors, there is no longer any evidence that Macedonia was a vassal-state during Amyntas' reign.Шаблон:Sfn In accordance with this argument, Mardonius, not Megabazus, would actually subjugate the Macedonians in 492 BC.Шаблон:Sfn Nicholas Hammond, on the other hand, asserted that Macedonia remained a loyal subject as part of the satrapy of Skudra until the Persian defeat at Platea in 479 BC.Шаблон:Sfn

Amyntas and Athens

Amyntas was the first Macedonian ruler to have diplomatic relations with other states. In particular, he entered into an alliance with Hippias of Athens, and when Hippias was driven out of Athens he offered him the territory of Anthemus on the Thermaic Gulf with the object of taking advantage of the feuds between the Greeks. Hippias refused the offer and also rejected the offer of Iolcus, as Amyntas probably did not control Anthemus at that time, but was merely suggesting a plan of joint occupation to Hippias.[2]

Family tree

Modern historians disagree on a number of details concerning the genealogy of the Argead dynasty. Robin Lane Fox, for example, refutes Nicholas Hammond's claim that Ptolemy of Aloros was Amyntas II's son, arguing that Ptolemy was neither his son nor an Argead.[3] Consequently, the chart below does not account for every chronological, genealogical, and dynastic complexity. Instead, it represents one common reconstruction of the early Argeads advanced by historians such as Hammond, Elizabeth D. Carney, and Joseph Roisman.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn[4]Шаблон:Snf

Шаблон:Hidden begin Шаблон:Tree list

Шаблон:Center

Шаблон:Tree list/end Шаблон:Hidden end

See also

References

Notes

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References

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Bibliography

Primary sources Шаблон:Refbegin

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Шаблон:MacedonKings Шаблон:Achaemenid rulers Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Mari, M. (2011). "Archaic and Early Classical Macedonia". In Fox, Robin Lane (ed.). Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC–300 AD. Boston: Brill. pp. 85.
  2. ↑ Miltiades V. Chatzopoulos Macedonian Institutions Under the Kings: A historical and epigraphic study, p. 174, Шаблон:ISBN.
  3. ↑ Fox, Robin Lane (2011). "399–369 BC". In Fox, Robin Lane (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Boston: Brill. pp. 231–232.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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