Английская Википедия:Amyrgians
Шаблон:Short descriptionШаблон:Unreliable sources
Шаблон:Indo-European The Amyrgians (Ancient Greek: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl; Latin: Шаблон:Lang; Old Persian: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl "Sakas who lay hauma (around the fire)")Шаблон:Sfn[1] were a Saka tribe.
Name
The Greek name for this tribe, Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), is the Hellenised form of the Old Persian term Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), meaning "who lay hauma (around the fire),"Шаблон:Sfn and can be interpreted as "revering hauma."[2] The full name of this tribe in Persians Achaemenid inscriptions is Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), that is the Sakas who lay hauma (around the fire).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Identification
The country of the Шаблон:Transl may have been the same place named as Mujavant in Indo-Aryan literature, where it appears in close connection with Gandhāra and Bahlika.[3]
Geography
The Шаблон:Transl were always mentioned alongside the [[Massagetae|Шаблон:Transl]] in ancient Persian inscriptions, implying that the Шаблон:Transl and Шаблон:Transl were neighbours, although it is less certain whether the Шаблон:Transl lived to the east or to the west of the Шаблон:Transl. The Шаблон:Transl most likely lived somewhere between the Caspian Sea and the Pamir Mountains, and to the north of the Oxus, near the Bactrians and Sogdians, possibly in the region corresponding to modern-day Tashkent or Dushanbe around Fergana, or across a large region stretching from Margiana to the upper Oxus river, or between the Altai and Pamir mountains, or in the territory corresponding to the modern-day Afghan district of Monjan in the upper Kokcha valley.Шаблон:Sfn
Based on Herodotus's list of the units of the Achaemenid army, within which the Amyrgii and the Bactrians together were under the command of Hystaspes, the scholar Willem Vogelsang locates the Шаблон:Transl to the immediate north and east of Bactria.[4][5][6]
Other possible locations of the Шаблон:Transl include the Fergana valley itself,[7] or both the Fergana and Alay valleys,[8] or the region to the north of the Iaxartes.[9]
History
According to the Greek historian Ctesias, once the Persian Achaemenid Empire's founder, Cyrus, had overthrown the Median king Astyages, the Bactrians accepted him as the heir of Astyages and submitted to him, after which he founded the city of Cyropolis on the Iaxartes river as well as seven fortresses to protect the northern frontier of his empire against the Saka. Cyrus then attacked the Шаблон:Transl, initially defeated them and captured their king, Amorges. After this, Amorges's queen, Sparethra, defeated Cyrus with a large army of both men and women warriors and captured Parmises, the brother-in-law of Cyrus and the brother of his wife Amytis, as well as Parmises's three sons, whom Sparethra exchanged in return for her husband, after which Cyrus and Amorges became allies, and Amorges helped Cyrus conquer Lydia.[10][11][12][13][14][15]
Cyrus, accompanied by the Шаблон:Transl of his ally Amorges, later carried out a campaign against the Massagetae/Шаблон:Transl in 530 BCE.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After Cyrus had been mortally wounded by the Derbices and their Indian allies, Amorges and his Saka army helped the Persian soldiers defeat them. Cyrus told his sons to respect their own mother as well as Amorges above everyone before dying.[15]
Legacy
The name of the Afghan district of Monjan in its Farsi (Шаблон:Transl), Yidgha (Шаблон:Transl) and Kati (Шаблон:Transl) forms might have been derived from that of the Шаблон:Transl.[15]
See also
References
Sources
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: The Шаблон:Transl ("haoma-drinking Sacae") were subjected by Cyrus the Great. Herodotus calls them Шаблон:Transl.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "Sanskrit Шаблон:Transl may be the name for the land of the Шаблон:Transl. In the Vedic texts, the land of Шаблон:Transl is linked to Gandhâra (the Peshâwar valley) and Шаблон:Transl (the Bactria of the classical source)."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "The Шаблон:Transl are normally located east or north of ancient Bactria"
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "the Шаблон:Transl north and east of Шаблон:Transl"
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "The fact that the Amyrgaean Sakas and the Bactrians were united under one command, namely under a son of Darius and Cyrus's daughter Atossa bearing the name of Vishtaspa, again indicates the close relationship between the Bactrians and the Amyrgaean Sakas."
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Шаблон:Cite web
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