Английская Википедия:Anastasian Wall
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox ancient site
The Anastasian Wall (Greek: Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang; Шаблон:Lang-tr) or the Long Walls of Thrace (Greek: Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang; Turkish: Uzun Duvar) or simply Long Wall / Macron Teichos (Шаблон:Lang-grc)[1][2] is an ancient stone and turf fortification located Шаблон:Convert west of Istanbul, Turkey, built by the Eastern Roman Empire during the late 5th century.
Construction
Originally some Шаблон:Convert long, it stretches from Evcik İskelesi in Çatalca at the Black Sea coast across the Thracian peninsula to the coast of the Sea of Marmara at Шаблон:Convert west of Silivri (ancient Selymbria). It ran from north to south through the locations what are today Karacaköy, Gümüşpınar, Pınarca, Kurfallı, Fener, Alipaşa Neighborhood and Silivri Altınorak. Remains of the wall are visible in Gümüşpınar junction in Karacaköy, Hisartepe in Yalıköy, Pınarca in İhsaniye and Kurfallı village.[3] The wall was part of an additional outer defense system for Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and probably continued in use until the 7th century.
The wall was named after the Emperor Anastasius I (Шаблон:Reign). However, there is evidence that the fortification already existed in 469 during the reign of Leo I (Шаблон:Reign) and in 478 in the era of Zeno (Шаблон:Reign), and it was maintained and renewed by Anastasius in the time from 507 to 512. The wall had a thickness of Шаблон:Convert and a height over Шаблон:Convert. It was built complete with towers, gates, forts, ditches and a military way to protect Constantinople from invasions from the west by Huns, Slavs and Bulgars. A rectangular castrum with dimensions of Шаблон:Convert by Шаблон:Convert existed also in the central section of the wall.
Effectiveness
It is known that the wall had only a limited effectiveness, and various groups attacking Constantinople penetrated it many times, because the fortification's length made it difficult to defend the wall completely by a limited garrison, and also because the wall was not sufficiently strong due to its hasty construction.[4][5]
The wall fell into ruin after it was abandoned in the 7th century because of the difficulty of keeping it manned and repaired. Over the centuries, the stone of more than half of the total length was reused in other local buildings. It is best preserved in the woodlands of the northern sector.[4]
See also
- Walls of Constantinople
- List of walls
- Çakmak Line, An abandoned Turkish defensive line for similar aims
References
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region
- Buildings and structures in Istanbul
- Walls
- Ruins in Turkey
- Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century
- Ancient Thrace
- Silivri
- Çatalca
- Byzantine walls in Turkey
- Roman fortifications in Thrace
- 5th-century fortifications
- Linear earthworks
- History of Istanbul
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
