Английская Википедия:Ancient Macedonian calendar
Шаблон:Short description The Ancient Macedonian calendar is a lunisolar calendar that was in use in ancient Macedon in the [[1st millennium BC|1st millennium Шаблон:Sc]]. It consisted of 12 synodic lunar months (i.e. 354 days per year), which needed intercalary months to stay in step with the seasons. By the time the calendar was being used across the Hellenistic world, seven total embolimoi (intercalary months) were being added in each 19 year Metonic cycle. The names of the ancient Macedonian Calendar remained in use in Syria even into the Christian era.
Names
The names of the Macedonian months, just like most of the names of Greek months, are derived from feasts and related celebrations in honor of the Greek gods.[1] Most of them combine a Macedonian dialectal form with a clear Greek etymology (e.g Δῐός from Zeus; Περίτιος from Heracles Peritas (“Guardian”) ; Ξανδικός/Ξανθικός from Xanthos, “the blond” (probably a reference to Heracles); Άρτεμίσιος from Artemis etc.) with the possible exception of one, which is attested in other Greek calendars as well.[1]
Description
The Macedonian calendar was in essence the Babylonian calendar with the substitution of Macedonian names for the Babylonian ones,[2] and as such it paralleled the Hebrew calendar which is also lunisolar, and was used during the Parthian Empire too. An example of 6th century Шаблон:Sc inscriptions from Decapolis, Jordan, bearing the Solar Macedonian calendar, starts from the month Audynaeus.[3] The solar type was merged later with the Julian calendar. In Roman Macedonia, both calendars were used. The Roman one is attested in inscriptions with the name Kalandôn gen. Шаблон:Lang calendae and the Macedonian Hellenikei dat. Шаблон:Lang Hellenic.[4] Finally an inscription[5] from Kassandreia of about Шаблон:Circa Шаблон:Sc bearing a month Шаблон:Lang Athenaion suggests that some cities may have used their own months even after the 4th century Шаблон:Sc Macedonian expansion.
| Шаблон:Small | Greek name(s) | Transliteration | Шаблон:Small month | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [[Zeus|Шаблон:Math]] | Dios | October | |
| 2 | Шаблон:Math | Apellaiios | November | Шаблон:Small |
| 3 | Шаблон:MathШаблон:Small | AudunaiosШаблон:Small | December | Шаблон:Small |
| 4 | Шаблон:Math | Peritios | January | Шаблон:Small |
| 5 | Шаблон:Math | Dystros | February | Шаблон:Small |
| 6 | Шаблон:MathШаблон:Small | XandikosШаблон:Small | March | Шаблон:Small |
| ‡ | Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Small | ‡ | Шаблон:Small |
| 7 | Шаблон:MathШаблон:Small | ArtemisiosШаблон:Small | April | Шаблон:Small |
| 8 | Шаблон:Math | Daisios | May | Шаблон:Small |
| 9 | Шаблон:MathШаблон:Small | PanēmosШаблон:Small | June | Шаблон:Small |
| 10 | Шаблон:Math | Lōios | July | Шаблон:Small |
| 11 | Шаблон:Math | Gorpiaios | August | Шаблон:Small |
| 12 | Шаблон:Math | Hyperberetaios | September | Шаблон:Small |
| ‡ | Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Small | ‡ | Шаблон:Small |
- ‡ Months marked with a double-dagger and including the word "Embolimos" were used only occasionally, for intercalation, as noted in the remarks
Year numbering
Шаблон:Main Years were usually counted from the re-conquest of Seleucus I Nicator of Babylon, which became "year 1". This is equivalent to 312 BCE / 311 BCE in the Anno Domini year count of the modern Gregorian calendar. This practice spread outside the Seleucid Empire and found use in Antigonid Macedonia, Ptolemaic Egypt, and other major Hellenistic states descended from Alexander's conquests as well. Years can be abbreviated SE, S.E., or occasionally AG (Anno Graecorum).Шаблон:CN
See also
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Syria, S. / Arabia – Decapolis – Gerasa (Jerash) – 6th Шаблон:Sc Epigraphical Database [1] 531 Шаблон:Sc [2]
- ↑ Thessalonica – 141–252 Шаблон:Sc, last lines [3] [4]
- ↑ Makedonia (Chalkidike) – Poteidaia-Kassandreia – Шаблон:Circa Шаблон:Sc
