Английская Википедия:Ancient Meitei literature

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Contains special characters Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox literary genre Ancient Meitei literature, also termed as Old Manipuri literature, is literature written in the Ancient Meitei language (Old Manipuri language) from the earliest texts until the time of King Шаблон:Langnf of Шаблон:Langnf. All the ancient Meitei literary works are written in the traditional Meitei script. The ancient Meitei language texts, written in Meitei script, are conventionally termed as "the Puyas".

Many of the ancient Meitei literary works need transliteration and translation, as the language used is often "obscure and unintelligible" to the modern Meitei (modern Manipuri).

Overview

Ougri (Шаблон:Lang-mni), an ancient Meitei language ritualistic musical work, was composed during the 1st century CE, and was sung mostly for the "destruction and ruination and also for prosperity" of the ancient Meitei society in Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). Many scholars commented that this musical work existed even before the beginning of the Common Era.

The Poireiton Khunthok is a 3rd century ancient Meitei language literary work, which is a narrative of a historical colonisation of the valley by a group of people, led by Poireiton, in an area between the Langgol Hills and the Koubru mountains.Шаблон:Efn

The Khencho (Шаблон:Lang-mni), another ancient Meitei language poetry work, was composed before the wake of the 7th century CE.

Traditionally attributed to be written by Akoijam Tombi (also called Akoijam Tomboy), during the reign of Meitei King Khongtekcha Yoiremba in c. 763 CE, the Panthoibi Khonggul (Ancient Meitei: Шаблон:Lang, romanized: /pān-thoi-pī khōng-kūl/ ; Шаблон:Lang-mni), often misspelled as the Panthoibi Khongul, narrates the adventure of lady Шаблон:Langnf to unite with her ultimate lover Шаблон:Langnf, by leaving her former husband's house.

In 1100 CE, the Loyumba Shinyen (Шаблон:Lang-mni), an ancient Meitei language written constitution was finalised and regulated under the patronage of Meitei King Loiyumba (Loyumba) (1074 CE-1112 CE) of the Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). It was a formal declaration of the proto-constitution which was first drafted in 429 CE by Meitei King Naophangba.

Notable literary works

The following is a list of a few of the notable literary works of ancient Meitei literature, set in Meitei alphabetical order:

Ancient Meitei language literary work(s)Шаблон:Efn	Romanisation	Literal meaning(s) / literal translation(s)	Note(s) (if any)	Reference(s)
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	the song that ushers in a new season	ritual song, philosophical and moral teachings, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	male ox	records of 7 fights of well grown bulls owned by elite people
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	royal welcome	hymns
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious work
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		a treatise on administration and social conduct
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious song, religious poem, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang	account of Langgol hills	description of the extensive Langgol hills with praise
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		scripture, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	account of flowers	rhythmic and musical descriptions of 100 flowers and orchids known to ancient Meitei people
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		Constitution
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		hymns, prayer to deities for bountiful blessings to agriculture
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		ritual song, hero worship
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	fire	hymns, ditty to the fire god
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		royal chronicle
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		grande passion, love supramundane
Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang		scripture, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious work
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		ritual song, coronation ceremonial poetry, philosophical riddles
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		story of an ancient civilization
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		historical tragedy
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		royal chronicle
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	the shooting down of the sun	heroism, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		love supramundane epic, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious work
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		hymns (sung during severe drought)
Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang	account of Nongmaiching mountains	description of a number of cliffs, slopes and adjacent locations in the Nongmaiching Ching
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		royal chronicle
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	an account of combats	collection of 27 stories of bellicosity among the clan dynasties
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	narrative of the Chenglei clan	heroic legend of Chenglei King Chingjen Naran Panganba
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	dredging the channels of rivers	heroic saga of two Meitei royal brothers
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		account of toponyms of places in riverbanks
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		royal chronicle of Khuman dynasty
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious song, religious poem
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		tragedy, comedy, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		historical tragedy of crime passionnel
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	lore of months	poetic account of the twelve lunar months of a year
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		ritual song
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		poem collection
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang	account of herbs	rhythmic description of 66 herbs used by the Meiteis, in delicacies and medicine
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		narrative poem
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		hymns, prayer to goddess of crops (Phouoibi)
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		hymns
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious song, religious poem, Meitei mythology
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		ritual song
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang		religious song, religious poem
Шаблон:Lang	Шаблон:Lang

Translations and literary adaptations to modern Meitei

Many scholars and writers, including but not limited to M. Chandra Singh, Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra and O. Bogheswor, have dedicated their long lives in the translations, literary adaptations and restorations of ancient Meitei literary works. The contributions of these group of people make the new generations of readers aware of the essence and values of the old literature. In addition to them, the Manipuri Sahitya Parishad published books of old literature along with the modern versions.

Significance in modern times

The Civil Services Examination (CSE), conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), for the recruitment of the bureaucrat civil services of the Government of India, offers its aspirant candidates across the entire country an optional subject of Meitei literature (Manipuri literature), in which the "Old Manipuri Literature" is an integral part of it.

The literary works of ancient Meitei literature that are in the syllabus are: (1) O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Numit Kappa (2) M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran (3) N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba (4) M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul

See also

• Ancient Greek literature
• Meitei classical language movement
• Meitei culture
• Meitei folklore
• Meitei folktales
• Meitei inscriptions
• Meitei linguistic purism movement
• Meitei mythology
• Meitei proverbs
• Meitei religion
• Meitei script