Английская Википедия:Andrea Gropa

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Шаблон:Infobox nobility Andrea Gropa was a 14th-century Albanian nobleman who ruled the region and the city of Ohrid, first as a minor vassal for a very short time (župan) to Serbian King Vukašin Mrnjavčević (r. 1365–1371), then as independent after 1370. He was a rival to Prince Marko and together with Andrea II Muzaka managed to take Prilep and Kostur from him. He hailed from the noble Gropa family.

Life

Andrea was a member of the Albanian Gropa family. His ancestor Pal Gropa was acknowledged by Charles I of Naples in 1273: "nobili viro sevasto Paulo Gropa »casalia Radicis maioris et Radicis minons, пeс non Cobocheste, Zuadigorica, Sirclani et Craye, Zessizan sitam in valle de Ebu".[1] During the Serbian expansion in Macedonia, the Gropa also moved towards the south, becoming neighbours with Arianiti and Spata.[2]

After Emperor Dušan's death (1355), Gropa was a local ruler in the district of Ohrid.[3] Prior to the Battle of Maritsa, Gropa was a vassal to the Mrnjavčević family;[4] The King of Serbia Vukašin Mrnjavčević (r. 1365 – died 1371), held Western Macedonia as a co-ruler to Emperor Stephen Uroš V of Serbia (r. 1355 – died 1371).

Файл:Andrea Gropa Monogram from Saint Sophia Vhurch in Ohrid 2.jpg
Monogram of Andrea Gropa from the Church of Saint Sophia, Ohrid

After the death of King Vukašin and his brother Jovan Uglješa at the Battle of Maritsa against the Ottomans in 1371, and the subsequent death of the Emperor, there was a crisis in appointing the successor of the throne. Vukašin's son, Marko, did not have the power to unite his lords, and only retained nominal rule over the area from his base at Prilep.

After Maritsa, the Dejanovići became Ottoman vassals.[5] By 1377, Vuk Branković extended his rule over Skopje, and Gropa is mentioned as lord of Ohrid.[6][7] Bogdan, Gropa and Marko, and the rest of the rulers in Western Macedonia became vassals to Murad I.[8] The vassals had to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan and supply troops in case of war.[8]

Файл:Mal Sv. Kliment 04.JPG
Lesser Saint Clement Church - Gropa is mentioned in its ktetor inscription.

Gropa is mentioned as megas zupanos (župan veliki) in a Greek stone inscription dating to 1378.[2] He set himself up as Grand Župan of Ohrid, in southwest Macedonia.[9] In 1379, he became a ktitor for a church in Ohrid dedicated to St. Clement.[10] Gropa was mentioned as "župan Gropa" in the funeral inscription of his son-in-law Ostoja Rajaković (1380).[11]

According to the Muzaka chronicles, Gropa joined Andrea II Muzaka and the Balšić family against Marko; He gained Kostur and Debar, and became virtually independent from Marko.

Gropa also minted coins,[12] findings dating to c. 1377 – c. 1385,[13] inscribed in Old Serbian with his title as župan and gospodar, with his signature as "Po milosti Božijoj župan Gropa".[10] He was the last Christian ruler of Ohrid before the Ottoman conquest.[14] His signature is found in the scriptorium of the Church of St. Sofia in Ohrid.[15]

The date of his death is unknown, the Muzaka chronicles says there were no descendants and that his lands were assigned to the Muzaka family after his death.

Family

Gropa married Anne (Kyranna), the daughter of Andrea II Muzaka.[3] His brother-in-law was Balša II Balšić.[16] Gropa's son-in-law was Ostoja Rajaković, a lord in Ohrid and relative to Marko.[17]

Legacy

Gropa is, like some the other provincial lords during the breakdown and fall of the Serbian Empire ( between 1354 and 1371), enumerated in the Serb epic poetry.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

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Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end

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  1. ↑ Sufflay, p. 126
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Sufflay 2000, p. 145: "U vrijeme srpskog prodiranja u Makedoniju pomiču se i Grope prema jugu, postaju susjedi Arianita i Spata, a po smrti kralja Vukašina, Andrija Gropa, koji se na grčkom kamenom natpisu (1378.) naziva megas zupanos (župan velji)"
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Soulis 1984, p. 142
  4. ↑ Srejović, Gavrilović, Ćirković 1982, p. 24
  5. ↑ Soulis, p. 100
  6. ↑ Fine 1994, p. 380: "By 1377 Vuk Brankovic had Skopje and an Albanian named Andrew Gropa had Ohrid"
  7. ↑ Mihaljčić, p. 170: "Негде у исто време када је Вук Бранковић запосео Скопље, арбанашки властелин Андрија Гропа јавља се као господар Охрида."
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Soulis 1984, p. 100
  9. ↑ Parry;Yapp 1975, p. 167: "In southwest Macedonia, the Albanian Andrea Gropa (Cropa) set himself up as the 'Grand Zupan' (Prefect) of Ohrid."
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  11. ↑ Mandić, p. 85: Само са презименом поме- нут је, на пример, и жупан Андрија Гропа, 1380. године, у посмртном натпису Остоје Рајаковића V цркви Богородице Перивлепте у Охриду („зет жупана Гропе")
  12. ↑ American Numismatic Society 1964, p. 293
  13. ↑ Dimitrijević 1997, p. 103: "47. Dinar issued by Zhupan Andrija Gropa (c. 1377 – c. 1385)"
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  15. ↑ Slovanský ústav, p. 208: "Signatures of Andrea Gropa, Tsar Uros, Marko Kralevich and a concept for letter to the archbishop from the scriptorium of St. Sofia Church in Ohrid"
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Stanojević 1915, Delo, Volume 72, A.M. Stanojević, p. 270
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