Английская Википедия:Andrewsarchus
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
Andrewsarchus (Шаблон:IPAc-en) is an extinct genus of mammal that lived during the Middle Eocene in China. It contains two species, A. mongoliensis and A. crassum. It was formerly placed in the families Mesonychidae or Arctocyonidae, but is now the sole member of a distinct family, Andrewsarchidae. It is most notable for being estimated as the largest terrestrial, carnivorous mammal, but that status has been disputed.
Taxonomy
Andrewsarchus mongoliensis was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1924 for a partial skull from the Irdin Manha Formation of Inner Mongolia. The genus was named in honor of Roy Chapman Andrews, the leader of the expedition on which it was discovered, with the Ancient Greek archos (ἀρχός, "ruler") added to his surname.[1] A second species, A. crassum, was named by Ding Suyin and colleagues in 1977 for two premolars from the Dongjun Formation of Guangxi.[2]
Paratriisodon henanensis was named by Minchen Chow in 1959 for a partial skull and mandible, a fragmentary maxilla, and several isolated teeth from the Lushi Formation of Henan.[3] A second species, P. gigas, was named by Chow and colleagues in 1973 for a molar also from the Lushi Formation.[4] Three molars and an incisor from the Irdin Manha Formation were later referred to P. gigas.[5] Both species are considered junior synonyms of A. mongoliensis.[6]
Andrewsarchus is the only member of the family Andrewsarchidae, which was named by Frederick Szalay and Stephen Jay Gould in 1966. It was originally named as a subfamily of Mesonychidae,[7] but was later raised to the rank of family.[8]
Phylogeny
Andrewsarchus was originally classified as a member of the family Mesonychidae[7][1][2] and Paratriisodon was originally classified as a member of the family Arctocyonidae.[3][4][5] Andrewsarchus was then reassigned to its own family Andrewsarchidae, but retained within the order Mesonychia.[8] After that, Paratriisodon was synonymized with Andrewsarchus and the latter was moved to Arctocyonidae.[6] More recently, it has been recovered as a member of the clade Cetancodontamorpha, being most closely related to entelodonts, hippos, and whales.[9][10]
Below is a simplified cladogram based on the results of Spaulding et al. (2009) and Yu et al. (2023).[9][10] Шаблон:Clade
Description
When first describing Andrewsarchus, Osborn believed it to be the largest terrestrial, carnivorous mammal. Based on the Шаблон:Cvt length of the A. mongoliensis holotype skull, and using the proportions of Mesonyx, he estimated a total body length of Шаблон:Cvt and body height of Шаблон:Cvt.[1] However, considering cranial and dental similarities with entelodonts, Szalay and Gould proposed that it had proportions more like them than mesonychids and that Osborn's estimates were inaccurate. They also suggested that it was likely an omnivore.[7] These ideas are also supported by the close phylogenetic relationship between Andrewsarchus and entelodonts.[9][10]
See also
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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; для сносокOsborn 1924
не указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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; для сносокDing et al. 1977
не указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокChow 1959
не указан текст - ↑ 4,0 4,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокChow et al. 1973
не указан текст - ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокSzalay & Gould 1966
не указан текст - ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite thesis
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
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