Английская Википедия:Andrey Bogolyubsky

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Andrew I (died 28 June 1174;Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Lang-ru, lit. Andrey Yuryevich of Bogolyubovo), was Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1157Шаблон:Sfn until his death. During repeated internecine wars between the princely clans, Andrey accompanied his father Yuri Dolgorukiy during a brief capture of Kiev in 1149; 20 years later, he led the Sack of Kiev (1169),Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and made efforts to elevate Vladimir on the Klyazma as the new capital of Kievan Rus'.[1] He was canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1702.[2]

Biography

Andrey Bogolyubsky was born ca. 1111,Шаблон:WhereШаблон:Citation needed to a daughter of Ayyub Khan, the Kipchak leader, and to Yuri I Vladimirovich (Шаблон:Lang-rus), commonly known as Yuri Dolgoruki (Шаблон:Lang-rus). Yuri was a son of Volodimer II Monomakh, progenitor of the Monomakhovichi.Шаблон:Sfn Yuri proclaimed Andrey a prince in Vyshgorod (near Kiev).Шаблон:Citation needed

Career

Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir,Шаблон:Citation needed a little town on the river Klyazma founded in 1108.Шаблон:Sfn After his father's death in 1157, he became Knyaz (prince) of Vladimir, Rostov and Suzdal.[1] He commenced the construction of fortifications around the town of Vladimir in 1158 (completed in 1164), as well as the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir.Шаблон:Sfn In 1162, Andrey sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir.[3] Fortifications around Vladimir were completed in 1164.Шаблон:Sfn The same year Andrey attacked the Volga Bolgars;Шаблон:Sfn he won a victory, but a son was killed in battle, to whose memory he ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl in 1165.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before.Шаблон:Sfn[4] After plundering the city,[5] stealing much religious artwork, which included the Byzantine "Mother of God" icon.Шаблон:Sfn Andrey appointed his brother Gleb as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to unify his lands with Kiev.Шаблон:Sfn Following his brother's death in 1171, Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to maintain control over Kiev, which ended in his defeat.Шаблон:Sfn

Andrey established for himself the right to receive tribute from the populations of the Northern Dvina lands.Шаблон:Citation needed As "ruler of all Suzdal land",Шаблон:Cite quote Bogolyubsky transferred the capital to Vladimir, strengthened it, and constructed the Assumption Cathedral,[6] the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl,[7] and other churches and monasteries. Under his leadership Vladimir was much enlarged, and fortifications were built around the city.Шаблон:Sfn

Death

Файл:Отсечение руки Боголюбского.jpg
In this 15th-century Radziwiłł Chronicle miniature, Andrey Bogolyubsky's left arm is cut off by his assassins,[8] although the texts claim his "right hand" was cut off.[8]Шаблон:Sfn A 1965 autopsy of Andrey's body confirmed the left arm showed many cut marks.Шаблон:Sfn

During Andrey's reign, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality achieved significant power, and it became the strongest among the Kievan Rus' principalities.Шаблон:Citation needed The expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed.Шаблон:Sfn

According to the story of Andrey Bogolyubsky's death as recorded in the Kievan Chronicle of the Hypatian Codex (Ipatiev),Шаблон:Sfn and the Radziwiłł Chronicle,[8] his "right hand" was cut offШаблон:Sfn[8] by an assailant called "Peter" (Петръ):

However, the Radziwiłł Chronicle's adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm.[8] Moreover, when Шаблон:Ill examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones".Шаблон:Sfn A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations.Шаблон:Sfn

Descendants

With his wife, Andrey Bogolyubsky had one son, Yury Bogolyubsky, who became the husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia.Шаблон:Citation needed

Legacy

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Primary sources

Literature

External links

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end Шаблон:Subject bar Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Britannica "Andrew made Vladimir the centre of the grand principality and placed a series of his relatives on the now secondary princely throne of Kiev. Later he also compelled Novgorod to accept a prince of his choice. In governing his realm, Andrew not only demanded that the subordinate princes obey him but also tried to reduce the traditional political powers of the boyars (i.e., the upper nobility) within his hereditary lands. In response, his embittered courtiers formed a conspiracy and killed him."
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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