Английская Википедия:Angeles National Forest

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Файл:Angeles National Forest Monument.jpg
Monument

The Angeles National Forest (ANF) of the U.S. Forest Service is located in the San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelona Mountains, primarily within Los Angeles County in southern California. The ANF manages a majority of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.

The national forest was established in 1908, incorporating the first San Bernardino National Forest and parts of the former Santa Barbara and San Gabriel National Forests. Angeles National Forest headquarters are located in Arcadia, California.

Geography

The Angeles National Forest covers a total of Шаблон:Convert, protecting large areas of the San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelona Mountains. It is located just north of the densely inhabited metropolitan area of Greater Los Angeles.

While primarily within Los Angeles County, a small part extends eastward into southwestern San Bernardino County, in the Mount San Antonio ("Mount Baldy") area, and a tiny section also extends westward into northeastern Ventura County, in the Lake Piru area.

The San Gabriel Mountains National Monument, established in 2014 and managed by the U.S. Forest Service, is largely within the Angeles National Forest.

The John D. Dingell Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act of 2019 established the Saint Francis Dam Disaster National Memorial and Saint Francis Dam Disaster National Monument at and around the ruins of the St. Francis Dam in the Forest's San Francisquito Canyon.[1]

Wilderness areas

The Angeles National Forest contains five nationally designated wilderness areas. Two of these also extend into neighboring San Bernardino National Forest:

Climate

Шаблон:Weather box

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History

The San Gabriel Forest Reserve was established on December 20, 1892, the San Bernardino Forest Reserve was established on February 25, 1893, and the Santa Barbara Forest Reserve was established on December 22, 1903. Together, they became National Forests on March 4, 1907, and they were combined on July 1, 1908, with all of the San Bernardino forest and portions of San Gabriel forest and Santa Barbara forest composing the new Angeles National Forest. In 1916, there was a movement to create the Sierra Madre National Park, but that never occurred.[2]

On September 30, 1925, portions of the Angeles National Forest and the Cleveland National Forest were detached to re-establish the San Bernardino National Forest.[3]

Angeles National Forest is registered as California Historical Landmark #717, for being the first National Forest in the state.[4]

The campgrounds at Broken Blade, Twisted Arrow and Pima Loops were closed on July 26, 2013, after squirrel infected with bubonic plague was discovered.[5]

Wildfires

Файл:LA Natl Forrest4.JPG
2014, new growth emerges after the fires of 2012

Loop Fire

Шаблон:Main On 1 November 1966, a fire started at 5:19Шаблон:Nbspa.m. on the Los Pinetos Nike Site (LA-94). The fire spread, threatening medical facilities and residential areas south edge of the national forest. 12 firefighters with United States Forest Service's El Cariso "Hot Shot" crew were killed when they were caught in a flare up in a canyon. 11 more firefighters were seriously burned in the incident.[6] The fire was brought under control at 1:00Шаблон:Nbspp.m. on 2 November, having burned Шаблон:Convert.[6]

Station Fire

Шаблон:Main In the Station Fire, more than Шаблон:Convert of the forest were burned by an arson fire that began on August 26, 2009, near Angeles Crest Highway in La Cañada and quickly spread, fueled by dry brush that had not burned for over 150 years. The fire burned for more than a month and was the worst in Los Angeles County history, charring Шаблон:Convert, approximately one-fourth of the forest; displacing wildlife, and destroying 91 homes, cabins and outbuildings and the family-owned Hidden Springs Cafe.

During the fire, two firefighters died after driving off the Mt. Gleason County Road looking for an alternate route to get the inmates out at Camp 16. The Station Fire threatened the Mount Wilson Observatory atop Mt. Wilson . The site includes two telescopes, two solar towers, and transmitters for 22 television stations, several FM radio stations, and police and fire department emergency channels. Although the fire scorched one side of the outhouse at amateur-owned Stony Ridge Observatory, six miles northeast of Mt. Wilson, aside from minor damage from smoke and ash infiltration, the remainder of the observatory and its historic 30-inch Carroll telescope survived.

Bobcat Fire (2020)

Шаблон:Main In September and October 2020, the Bobcat Fire burned Шаблон:Convert (468 km2) in the central San Gabriel Mountains of the Angeles National Forest. It was one of the largest wildfires in Los Angeles County history.[7]

Natural history

Шаблон:Further The Angeles National Forest manages the habitats, flora and fauna ecosystems, and watersheds. Some of the rivers with watersheds within its boundaries provide valuable non-groundwater recharge water for Southern California. The existing protected and restored native vegetation absorb and slow surface runoff of rainwater to minimize severe floods and landslides in adjacent communities.[8] The land within the forest is diverse, both in appearance and terrain. Elevations range from Шаблон:Convert. The Pacific Crest Trail crosses the forest.

Flora

Файл:LA Natl Forrest3.JPG
Various mountain plant life with the Chaparral yucca at right.

Much of this National Forest is covered with dense chaparral shrub forests with oak woodlands, which changes to pine and fir-covered slopes in the higher elevations. Subsequent to the fire there was a heavy growth of poodle-dog bush, apparently triggered by the fire's effect on dormant seeds, that lasted for several years. The plant produces prolific lavender flowers. Unfortunately, as visitors to the Forest discovered, contact with it may cause a poison-oak-like rash.

Tree species for which the forest is important include bigcone Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa), Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri), and California walnut (Juglans californica). The National Forest also contains some Шаблон:Convert of old growth, with Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) forests, as well as mixed conifer forests (with Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), white fir (Abies concolor), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) being the most abundant trees).[9]

Fauna

This forest is home to black bears, gray foxes, bobcats, mountain lions, mule deer, bighorn sheep, rattlesnakes and coyotes.

Access

A National Forest Adventure Pass is required for parking at many locations in the Angeles National Forest and other National Forests in Southern California, and this can be obtained online or from visitor centers and local merchants.[10] Los Angeles County has declared that passes are not required on county-maintained roads. There are also many other areas that do not require the pass.

General information

Файл:AngelesNFmap.png
Angeles National Forest, the two green areas north of Los Angeles.
  • Acres of land: 700,176 (2652 km2)
  • Wilderness areas acres: 80,284 (324.9 km2)
  • Miles of roads: 1,032 (1661 km)
  • Visitor centers: 4
  • Information centers: 4
  • Fire lookout towers: 2
  • Recreational residences: 505
  • Picnic areas: 36
  • Campgrounds: 66
  • Ski areas: 2
  • Entrance stations: 2

Ranger Districts

Trails

  • Trailheads: 53
  • Trail miles: 697 (1122 km)
  • Off highway vehicle areas: 3
  • Off highway vehicle route miles: 261 (420 km)

Natural features

Файл:ANF East Fork01.jpg
The east fork of the San Gabriel River is one of the most visited sites in the forest system.
  • Wilderness areas: 5
  • Lakes and reservoirs: 10
  • Rivers and stream miles: 240

Sensitive species

  • Sensitive plants: 22
  • Sensitive wildlife: 23
  • Threatened & endangered species: 16

Mountain peaks

Файл:Mount-Islip.jpg
Mount Islip.
Файл:Mount Harwood from Devils Backbone.jpg
Mount Harwood, from Devils Backbone

Mountains within the Angeles National Forest include:

All the above mountains are part of the San Gabriel Mountains, except for Burnt Peak, which is in the Sierra Pelona Mountains.

Water recreation

Volunteer organizations

  • Angeles National Forest Fire Lookout Association: Restoration and operation of fire lookout towers in the ANF
  • Altadena Mountain Rescue Team: Saving lives through mountain rescue and safety education
  • Concerned Off-Road Bicyclists Association: Restoration and maintenance of multi-use trails in the ANFШаблон:Citation needed
  • Sierra Madre Search & Rescue: A group of dedicated volunteers committed to saving lives in the wilderness[12]
  • San Gabriel Mountains Trailbuilders: California's hiking and nature trail repair group[13]
  • West Fork Conservancy: Maintains the West Fork of the San Gabriel River and Beer Creek[14]
  • Angeles Volunteer Association: Organizes Visitor Center information, trail repair, and a broad spectrum of forestry efforts[15]
  • Fisheries Resource Volunteer Corps: works with the Forest Service, helping with various projects during the year[16]
  • San Dimas Mountain Rescue Team: Highly trained mountain rescue team[17] http://www.savetheeastfork.org/ Шаблон:Webarchive
  • Los Angeles County Sheriff's Air Rescue 5: Volunteer Reserve Deputy Sheriffs are paid $1 a year for their work
  • Save The East Fork Association: Works along the East Fork of the San Gabriel River [18]
  • Helping Our Mountain Environment: HOME—Glendora Mountain Road (GMR) trash and spray paint cleaning [19]
  • Lowelifes Trail Crew: Lowelifes focuses on trail work in Southern California's Angeles National Forest, fostering conservation, sustainability, & community in Los Angeles County.[20]
  • The Volunteers of the Angeles National Forest (VANF) are the representatives of USFS at Big Pines Visitor Center, located 3 miles west of the town of Wrightwood. The Visitor Center supplies information, directions and education to the public by staffing the center on weekends, providing handouts, and displaying preserved local forest animals, birds, and reptiles.[21]

Gallery

California Historical Landmark

The California Historical Landmark Marker NO. 717 at San Gabriel Mountain, Clear Creek vista point, State Hwy 2, 8.3 mi N of I-210, La Canada reads:[22]

  • NO. 717 THE ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST - The first national forest in the State of California and second in the United States, Angeles National Forest was created by proclamation of President Benjamin Harrison on December 20, 1892. The first name given to the forest, "'San Gabriel Timberland Reserve," was changed to "San Gabriel National Forest" March 4, 1907, and then to "Angeles National Forest" on July 1, 1908..

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Wikivoyage

Шаблон:Protected areas of California Шаблон:National Forests of the United States Шаблон:Santa Clara River Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite ohp
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ USFS.gov: Mt. Islip fire lookout tower
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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