Английская Википедия:Anima mundi

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Файл:Anima Mundi (by Robert Fludd, Utriusque Cosmi Historia, 1617).png

Illustration of the correspondences between all parts of the created cosmos, with the anima mundi depicted as a woman, from the Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica, physica atque technica historia by Robert Fludd

The anima mundi (Greek: Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transliteration) or world soul is, according to several systems of thought, an intrinsic connection between all living beings, which relates to the world in much the same way as the soul is connected to the human body.

Although the concept of the anima mundi originated in classical antiquity, similar ideas can be found in the thoughts of later European philosophers such as those of Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schelling, and Georg W.F. Hegel (particularly in his concept of Weltgeist).

History

Platonism

Шаблон:Further Plato adhered to this idea,Шаблон:Sfnp identifying the universe as a living being:

Plato's Timaeus describes this living cosmos as being built by the demiurgeШаблон:Sfnp constructed as to be self-identical and intelligible to reason,Шаблон:Sfnp according to a rational pattern expressed in mathematical principles and Pythagorean ratios describing the structure of the cosmos, and particularly the motions of the seven classical planets.Шаблон:Sfnp The living universe is also a god titled Ouranos and Kosmos,Шаблон:Sfnp which shows, as scholars have argued, that Plato mediates between the poetic and presocratic traditions.

Following Plato, the anima mundi became an important component in Neoplatonic cosmology, often including its close relationship to the demiurge and the seven planets.

Stoicism

Шаблон:Further The Stoics believed it to be the only vital force in the universe.

Gnosticism

Шаблон:Further The anima mundi was borrowed from Platonist philosophy into several Gnostic sects.

Manichaeism

In Manichaeism, the anima mundi was also called the Light Soul and the Living Soul (Шаблон:Lang-pal), contrasting it with matter, which was associated with lifelessness and death and within which the anima mundi was imprisoned.Шаблон:Sfnp The anima mundi was personified as the Suffering Jesus (Шаблон:Lang) who, like the historical Jesus, was depicted as being crucified in the world.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp This mystica cruxificio was present in all parts of the world, including the skies, soil, and trees, as expressed in the Coptic Manichaean psalms.Шаблон:Sfnp

Mandaeism

Шаблон:Further In Mandaeism, the anima mundi has various parallels with mana.Шаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Original research?

Hermeticism

The concept of the anima mundi is present in the works of hermetic philosophers like Paracelsus and Robert Fludd.

Judaism

Шаблон:See also In Jewish mysticism, a parallel concept is that of Шаблон:Transl, which is the all-encompassing Supernal Wisdom that transcends, orders, and vitalises all of creation. Rabbi Nachman of Breslov states that this sublime wisdom may be apprehended by a perfect tzaddik (righteous man).Шаблон:Sfnp Thus, the tzaddik attains cosmic consciousness and thus is empowered to mitigate all division and conflict within creation.

Parallels in eastern philosophy

Similar concepts in eastern philosophy include the brahman, purusha, and paramatman of Hinduism, and qi in the Chinese School of Naturalists, Taoism, and Neo-Confucianism.

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
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• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
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External links

• Шаблон:Wiktionary-inline