Английская Википедия:Anna Clemenc

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Anna "Big Annie" Klobuchar Clemenc (March 2, 1888 – July 27, 1956; pronounced "Clements"Шаблон:Sfn) was an American labor activist. Born in Calumet, Michigan, she founded and served as president of the local Women's Auxiliary No. 15 of the Western Federation of Miners and was an active participant in the Copper Country Strike of 1913–1914. She is an inducted member of the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.

Biography

Clemenc was born in 1888 in Calumet, Michigan, to George and Mary (née Adam) Klobuchar, the eldest of five children.Шаблон:Sfn In 1890 or 1891, the family returned to Slovenia, where the youngest Klobuchar sibling, Mary, was born on February 2, 1892. They lived in George Klobuchar's home village of Dobliče near Črnomelj. Mary Adam Klobuchar was from Dolnja Paka, also near Črnomelj.

In the United States, George was employed in one of the Calumet and Hecla mines and Mary was a domestic worker.Шаблон:Sfn

Education

Annie Klobuchar graduated from the eighth grade at a school operated by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company.Шаблон:Sfn She then began working with a local church giving aid to crippled miners and assisted her family financially by doing laundry.Шаблон:Sfn Because of her Шаблон:Convert height, Clemenc was commonly known as "Big Annie" and less commonly as "Tall Annie".Шаблон:Sfn

First marriage

At age eighteen, Anna married a Slovene miner, Joseph Clemenc. The only description of Joseph came from Anna's brother Frank, who stated that Clemenc was Шаблон:Convert tall and "quiet and mild-mannered."Шаблон:Sfn Following Joseph's repeated physical abuse of Anna and marital discord related to Joseph's alcoholism, the couple divorced around 1914.

Labor activism

In February 1913, Clemenc spearheaded the formation of the Women's Auxiliary No. 15 of the Western Federation of Miners in Calumet.Шаблон:Sfn On July 23, a miners' strike was called in Michigan's Copper Country.Шаблон:Sfn Clemenc frequently led marches in support of the miners wearing a plain gingham dress and carrying a large American flag on a ten-foot pole.Шаблон:Sfn In August, Clemenc led the funeral procession for Alois Tijan and Steve Putrich who died in the Seeberville Affair.Шаблон:Sfn On September 10, Clemenc and five other women stopped a man from going to work, whom they mistakenly believed to be a non-striker, and were arrested after fighting with deputies.Шаблон:Sfn

Clemenc was elected president of the auxiliary by December 1913.Шаблон:Sfn

Italian Hall disaster

Шаблон:Main Five months into the strike, Clemenc and the Women's Auxiliary planned a Christmas party to be held at Italian Hall in Calumet on December 24.Шаблон:Sfn About 500 children and 175 parents were in attendance in the second-floor hall when a false cry of "fire" was heard, leading to a stampede down the main staircase in what became known as the Italian Hall disaster.Шаблон:Sfn Over 75 died, most of them children.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Carrying her flag, Clemenc led the funeral procession for the victims.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Anna Clemenc 2.png

Clemenc carrying her flag and a head shot

In January 1914, Clemenc served a ten-day jail sentence for previously assaulting a non-striking miner.Шаблон:Sfn In February and March, she went on a lecture tour of the Midwest to raise funds for survivors of the Italian Hall disaster and to encourage workers to unionize.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life

After the tour, she moved to Chicago and married Frank Shavs. At the age of 26, she gave birth to her only child, Darwina, who later lost her left arm in an automobile accident.Шаблон:Sfn Frank became a "drunkard and a wife-beater".,Шаблон:Sfn and the couple was divorced. In 1936, she married Andrew Robleck; two years later, this marriage also ended in divorce.Шаблон:Sfn

For a time Anna worked two jobs making hats,Шаблон:Sfn Little else is known of her later life. She died of cancer in Chicago in 1956, at the age of 68.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Legacy

Contemporary accounts of Clemenc referred to her as an "American Joan of Arc".Шаблон:Sfn Her legacy was largely forgotten until the 1970s.Шаблон:Sfn The Michigan House of Representatives described her as "one of Michigan's most valiant, yet largely forgotten and unrecognized, women."Шаблон:Sfn June 17, 1980, was declared Annie Clemenc day in Michigan.Шаблон:Sfn

A portrait of Clemenc with her flag was commissioned by the Michigan Women's Studies Association and painted by Andy Willis.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was unveiled in the Michigan State Capitol on June 17, 1980, and later transferred to the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.Шаблон:Sfn She was the first person nominated for the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame, was inducted in 1996, and is one of three women included on the Hall of Fame medallion.Шаблон:Sfn

A sign commemorating her induction into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame stood at the site of the now-demolished Italian Hall, but it was removed at some point.Шаблон:Sfn

Annie Clements is the lead character in a historical novel by Mary Doria Russell, The Women of the Copper Country (Atria Books, 2019), about the Calumet copper miners' strike.

Works cited

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite journal

External links

• Image of Anna Clemenc from the Michigan Tech Archives